نشریه تحقیقات تمثیلی در زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 42 (زمستان 1398)

One of the topics in the rhetoric that makes the word more beautiful is the allegory. This rhetoric is one of the most important and effective ways of inducing the subjective concepts to the audience and is the result of different experiences and events of each ethnicity that appear in the form of short, fun words or allegorical stories. The task of the metaphor is to convey the artistic, social, religious and past experiences and messages of the past to the future. The allegory has had a special place in Persian literary works from the beginning and with the introduction of mysticism into Persian poetry and literature, its significance and function has increased. But we are seeing the peak of the use of allegory in Indian style. Despite the importance of this branch of inquiry and its research on its place in literary works, it is unfortunately neglected for the role and importance of allegory in fiction. The present study seeks to study the allegorical effects of Amir Khosrow Dehlavi's "Shirin and Khosrow" poem, relying on the descriptive-analytic method and the library method. The findings of the study show that most of the metaphors used in this work are analogous. According to the theme of the poem, most allegories are based on love, based on love, as well as topics such as world instability, advising on opportunity, expressing action, human value, etc. to explain and explain educational goals.

Using the role of animals as characters in storytelling and storytelling is one of the tools that writers and storytellers have long been interested in and benefited from. Among the works that have been used in some of the animals for symbolic and symbolic roles is the seventh-century work by Tarb al-Majalis, a work by Mir Hossein Ghori Heravi. Mir Hosseini Heravi has used various animals as part of his book's story in the third part of the book, "On the virtue and dignity of man over all animals." The book mentions more than 60 different beasts, each with their own role in the story, an example of the character that exists in the outside world, and Mir Hosseini Heravi using these symbolic and symbolic characters. Designed for each of these animals in society and in people's minds, he has expressed his educational, ethical, and educational goals in this mystical work. Therefore, this book can be regarded as an educational and symbolic work, given its effective and widespread use of the female role of the various animals in it, and its place as an allegorical work in Persian and mystical literature.

The rhetoric method of allegory has been influential among the owners of verse and prose long ago in transferring the intellectual, abstract and subjective concepet. Bahá'u' Walad, the owner of the book Ma'aref, has approximated prose style to poetical form with utilizing this illustrative element and other rethorical elements. He has used a variety of factual, verbal, logical, paradoxical and symbolic allegories which are in area of fictional and widespread allegories and compressed allegories for transferring spiritual perception and mystical circumstance which origin from intuition for persuasion and educate the audiences. He has begun with both compressed and widespread allegories to explain and deny some his religious teachings and inner mystical experiences. In this research is studied function and structure of allegory in Ma'aref and is proved by mentioning samples of the book to say Bahá'u' Walad didn’t use this rethorical element to embellish his speech but to justify and instill religious beliefs and mystical experiences.

One of the eldest and at the same time, the most effective literary device, is expressing a subject through allegorical exemplum. In this method by using a simile structure, the poet tries to present an inner meaning in his mind, while it is actually the tenor, throughout a story, which is actually the vehicle of the simile structure. In the present survey which is an essential one, the data is obtained through library studies and then they are analyzed throughout a descriptive method, based on discourse analysis, specially, the critical discourse analysis theory by Norman Fairclough, the reasons and the manner of Mehdi Akhavan Sales, a contemporary Persian poet, allegorical exemplum usage in his poetry is discussed. Akhavan, whose contents of his poems are mostly based on the social affairs of his time, uses allegorical exemplum for different reasons, such as: increasing the effects on his readers, as well as saving himself from the political- social dangerous impacts of such poems. In so many of his poems which consist of allegorical exemplum, the vehicles of vast detailed simile structures are affairs such as: poverty, loneliness, honour, oppression, and the valuable culture of Iran, while the tenors are allegorical exemplum, with different subjects, settings, and characters. Finding the tenor out of the vehicle through a systematic targeted method based on the Fairclough’s theory which has three phases, is completely possible and the processes can be offered to interpret other allegorical exemplum in other poet’s works,

Narrative includes wise awareness and rational experiences which are used by writers and poets to express their thoughts in the frame of narratives. The narrative era in the literature of Iran is the time of overcoming of rationality and rational awareness. Writers and poets found narratives the best way to express their ideas, philosophical, ethical, mystic and moral thoughts Because in many categories expres of subject don,t possible through examples and Narrative.This paper aims to investigate the correspondence between the poems of two Persian and Arabic poets in terms of one forms of narratives called “Fable” and the common concepts discussed by these two poets.

Succession is the most basic part of mysticism. The philosophy of doing it relates to the various desires of mankind that the return to the land of light and the acquisition of eternal life, which is called "survival" in Islamic mysticism, is the most important reason. Following the fall of man, what "The Descending Arrow" is completed, and human beings, as the only being able to climb and return to the true city, have to move" ascended arc "towards the city of John. The pathologist sees in the path of conduct an inventory that is sometimes categorized and sometimes lacks a definite benchmark for this; for example, the multiplicity of titles, as well as their displacement over the proposed divisions, is the main obstacle to this process, In this research, which is carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner, we study the parables of light in Islamic mysticism.The obtained result was that all these divisions have had the stem in mystic’s gravitation(tendency)to symbolization and allegory.