نشریه سالمندشناسی
سال چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 15، زمستان 1398)

People in old age are susceptible to a variety of diseases and disabilities due to decreased physiological capacities. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of substance abuse, mental health, and frailty among the elderly hospitalized in Hazrat-e Rasoul Hospital in 2019.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was performed on 300 patients 60 years old and over at Hazrat-e Rasoul Hospital in Tehran. The researcher-made questionnaires for demographics, general health (GHQ), substance use (DAST), and clinical frailty questionnaires (CFS) were used to obtain the data.

The age range of the participants was between 60 and 97 years with a mean of 71 years. 22.7% equals 68% of the elderly studied with substance abuse, mean overall health score was 19.78 with a standard deviation of 13.38 and in elderly frailty, good management index with a frequency of 69 persons equals 23% of Subjects have the highest frequency.

The findings showed that the family, social and economic status of the elderly is influenced by the prevalence of substance abuse and their general health and frailty.

Biological aging is not something that only occurs in older people, but it’s a continuous process and natural that begins at puberty and ultimately leads to death. The aim of this study is to investigate the theory of free radicals and aging and its related aspects.

This study is a narrative review study. That was done by searching the databases of SID, Irandoc, Magiran, Google Scholar, Pub Med, and Science Direct with the keywords free radicals, aging, and free radicals theory in aging.

The production of free radicals occurs in all cells, and in spite of their inactivation by intracellular antioxidants, they exert their effects on the cells, and accumulation of these effects over time may impair cell function, and this should be noted. That cannot be stopped, and as said, antioxidants only affect the average lifespan and are ineffective in maximizing longevity.

Daily intake of non-enzymatic oral antioxidants can affect many diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes, but it has no effect on maximizing lifespan.

The rate of first hospitalization for incidence of stroke has been significantly rising over the past 20 years and this requires proper management of the neurology ward beds. In this regard, the present study was conducted to evaluate the correlates of length of stay in stroke patients.

the study design is descriptive and correlation. The study population consisted of 153 patients diagnosed with stroke admitted to the neurology ward of Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah in Iran, December 2014 to February 2015. The required data obtained from Hospital Information System (HIS) and it was confirmed by telephone follow-up. Statistical analysis included Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

The linear regression analysis results show that type of transfer the patient to hospital can correctly predict the length of stay (P=0.012) and the patients who used ambulance for transfer to hospital occupy a bed almost 5 days more than others. Our model was able to explain only 7% of the variance for the length of stay.

It seems stroke patients who used ambulance for transfer to a hospital compared to others stay in the hospital for a longer time. Therefore, it is necessary that the number of beds required in stroke therapy wards be calculated according to the usual demand for dispatching ambulances and taking the ratio of personal referrals.

The elderly are a physically and mentally vulnerable group that needs to be well thought out for their mental health and quality of life. This research was conducted to study the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on mental health and quality of life among the elderly Urmia city.

The method of the study is semi- experimental. Statistical population composes of all elderly women in Urmia. The sampling process conducted with random method of simple sampling 30 women chosen from one of the nursing homes in Urmia as sample groups and was determined to experimental and control groups randomly. The research tools were general health questionnaire (GHQ) and world quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF). Descriptive statistical indexes and analysis of covariance test were applied orderly to data description and testing of research hypotheses.

The mean age of participants was 59.13±6.28 years. The results of MANCOVA showed that acceptance and commitment based group training had significant effect on all components of mental health of the elderly women (p<0.01). Also the results of MANCOVA showed that acceptance and commitment based group training also had a significant effect on the components of quality of life in the elderly women (p<0.01).

In this study, it was found that Group training based on ACT improves mental health and quality of life in the elderly women.

Achieving the goals of successful ageing is considered to be an effective strategy for the promotion  of  health  in  the  elderly. The purpose of present study was to compare the coping strategies and perception of aging in successful and unsuccessful elderly people in Ardabil city.

This study is a causal-comparative study. The statistical population consisted of elderly people in Ardebil who were selected through convenience sampling from 60 elderly people (30 successful elders and 30 unsuccessful elders) and were assessed with Baltes questionnaire for coping strategies (selection, optimization and compensation), and Barkers age perception questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analyses of variance and U Mann Whitney test and through SPSS21 statistical software.

The results showed that the successful elderly, as compared to the unsuccessful elderly, reported more favorable copnig strategies (U=244, P<0/002). The results also showed that successful seniors had more perception of aging than compared to unsuccessful elderly people (F= 15/19, P<0/01).

The results of this study showed that successful seniors, compared with unsuccessful elderly people, are more likely to have copnig strategies and perception of aging.

According to increasing in elderly population and life expectancy, mental health promotion and wellbeing in the elderly is very important. Happiness is a component of mental health that affects on bio-psycho-socio-moral health, and can improve elderly' quality of life. It is necessary to plan and implementation effective programs for elderly' health promotion as a vulnerable group, so this study was done to review interventions in the field of elderly happiness, types of interventions and their impact in ten years ago in IRAN.

In this narrative review study, Persian and English published articles between 2009-2019 were searched by Persian and English key words: happiness، Elderly، Older adult، Old، Aged and Iran in Magiran، SID، Science Direct، Ovid و PubMed data base. Inclusion criteria for selecting papers were: time and place of research, relevance to the aim of research, having a framework for research, full text and the language (Persian or English) of articles. The quality of the papers was assessed based on a quantitative review checklist.

28 papers were reviewed. The findings of these article showed that Interventions that promote elderly' happiness are classified into four groups: physical (7 papers), psychological (15papers), artistic (4 papers), and health-promoting activities (2papers).

This study was showed that numerous interventions have been done in Iran to increase elderly's happiness, and effectiveness of these interventions have been proved. Health planning in the field of elderly's health promotion focused on the happiness is necessary for this group.

Public health and the happiness of the elderly are one of the most important economic, social and health challenges of the twenty-first century due to the phenomenon of increasing their population. This study was conducted with the aim of comparison of the General Health and Happiness of the Elderly Living in Nursing Homes, Private Homes with and without Family-Based Rehabilitation Services.

The method of this descriptive-analytic study. The statistical population of the study consisted of elderly people living in the family, family members under the family rehabilitation scheme and residents of the elderly in Zabol city in 2017 in 90 people. The sample size was 59 people. However, because of the criteria for entering and homogeneity of society, from each elderly group, 30 were selected by gender (15 women and 15 men). The present research tool was the General Health Questionnaire (28 questions form) and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. For data analysis and analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used by SPSS software version 21.

There was a significant difference between the elderly living at home and the elderly covered by the plan with the difference of mean (2.47) and (P= 0.01). But there was no significant difference between the elderly living in the home and the elderly in the nursing home with respect to the (P= 0.44). In terms of social functioning, there was a significant difference between the elderly living at home and the elderly covered by the plan with a mean difference (3.33) and (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the elderly at home and the elderly at home with a significant level (P=0.08).

Based on the findings of this study, by examining the health of the elderly and their ability to perform their daily activities, health teams and their family members can prevent the progression of their inability to perform life activities and depression.

Elderly people often have complex and unknown needs but we have not yet fully recognized them in accordance with international standards in our country. Therefore, the present study attempts to more accurately identify the types of fulfilled or unmet needs related to the health of the elderly in Sabzevar city using valid and specialized tools.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 240 elderly people over 60 years old without any cognitive problems in Sabzevar city in 2018. They were selected by systematic cluster sampling from population areas of 6 health centers in the city. Data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of two parts demographic and need assessment based on Cambrol standardized instrument (CANE) and were analyzed by SPSS v.21 and statistical methods.

The mean age of the study units was 68.1 ± 7.2. Based on the main findings of the study, the elderly with unmet needs ranked first in terms of benefits (23%), physical health (16%), medicine (15%), money / budget (14%), sight / hearing (10%). %), Daily activities (9.5%), nutrition (9%), mobility (9%), housekeeping (8%), caring for another (6%), mental comfort (5%) and They have savings (5%). On the other hand, the most fulfilled needs were medication (39%), physical illness (35%) and visual and hearing improvement (28%).

The results of the present study showed that the most unmet needs of the elderly were physical and then social needs and environmental needs were the least priority for them. Specialists, planners, and executives in the field of aging are increasingly focused on meeting the needs of the elderly in their physical and social issues, including physical health, nutrition and medication, vision and hearing, benefits, mobility, income and financial management.