نشریه نقد، تحلیل و زیبایی شناسی متون
پیاپی 5 (زمستان 1398)

After that a number of psychologists paid attention to outstanding presence of colors in human’s life for the first time in recent years, purposeful use of this element increased in literature. However, due to effective presence of color in daily life of human, we witness it in literary classic texts. In present research, function of colors in “Vis and Ramin” epopee by Gorgani and the story of “Tristan and Iseult” by Joseph Bedier have been compared via a comparative approach and an analytic-descriptive method. The most frequent colors in a poetry by Fakhraddin is yellow and black and in a work by Bedier has been black and red. The common function observed in all colors is the descriptive aspect. As well, explanation of biological and psychological conditions of characters, inducing internal emotions and giving objectivity to abstract concepts have taken occurred by colors. Despite of common functions of colors in the two works, there are different points. In an epopee by Fakhraddin As’ad, red color shows liveliness and happiness and modesty. Moreover, in this epopee, the internal negative emotions and setting ethical concepts have taken place by using yellow color. In Tristan and Iseult, describing the concept of will and in “Vis and Ramin” indicating the gayness and vitality of characters have been known as the functions of green color Totally, the colors used in these two stories are non-symbolic, explicit and direct and this represents the realist of authors

In every work of art, there are two components: form and content. This is also true poetry and studies-by the poetry, the two components will be given. Look at the history of Persian literature shows that poets also those that consider both the form and content of his poetry and the other one to win it had gone down.In this study, overall vision and comprehensive content of the imposed war is studied. What was at first a kind of poetry known as the Sacred Defense poetry, concept and content of the poem was similar. The author uses library resources and content analysis has tried to unsubscribe and similar roots in the lyrical content is determined war. The most important themes and concepts presented in Sacred Defense poetry, martyrs and martyrdom in Karbala event and the culture of Ashura, hope for the future and expect the Messiah, patriotism, ranting and epics, appealed to the decline of values, and so on. The themes in the teachings Iranian poets - have taken advantage of Islamic and indeed a large part of the content of Sacred Defense poetry, ritual.

In this study the reflection of moral elements in the poem of a poet from the Safavi age will be discussed. Mehri Arab is an emigrant who migrated to Isfahan from Lobnan in 11 century. There is a manuscript of his poetrical works in the Tehran university library with the number of 3217. One of the topics that can be discussed in Mehri's works is the ethics. Subjects are in two parts:1. moral virtues included: beneficence, humility, goodnature, silence, sitting in privatep place to think about God, repetance, generosity, contentment, and 2. devilish morals included: stinginess, illnature, blasphemy, greed, revenge, hypocrisy.in every part these attributes will be analized adducing riligious, moral and mystical teachings as well as examples of the poet.

The book of Ardeshir Babakan is from the late Pahlavi texts and includes the life and how to reach domination. From this book, there are two versions of Pahlavi which have been translated into Persian. The first Persian translation currently available is done by Ahmad Kasravi, published in Arghavan magazin in the year 1306, followed by Bahram Ferahvashi, Sadeq Hedayat, Mohammad Javad Maskour, Qasem Hasheminejad and Mehri Bagheri. These are own special features. In this article, the six translations are criticized in contrast to the original text of the text, and some of the differences are discussed with the original text. The result of the survey is that due to the similarity of the letters to each other in some cases, the words are not recognizable and the interpreter chooses one of two faces on his own. In some cases, the translator has been interfering in the text by decreasing and increasing the word or sentences, which leads to a difference with the Pahlavi text and with other translations. On the one hand, the initial translations of this text, especially the Persian translation, are not feasible due to excessive loyalty to the Pahlavi text, and from the late translations of Mehri Bagheri and Hasheminejad with the use of modern Persian words and the removal of digits within the original text, the more fluent and Acceptable.

The psychological warfare is a non-violent tactic, which provides a platform for infiltration and overcoming the enemy. Today, the knowledge of politics and security has given this policy the strategic rationality of sovereignty. In ancient societies, this strategy was taught as a form of educational, sports and recreation. By examining the political and military functions of the past, it is always possible to list many examples of this complex and political plan of mankind, both in the strategic and tactical sectors.In this article, the sample of the tactical part of the psychological operation of the story "Rostam and Sohrab" is examined. After mentioning the case for seventy eight of the nineteen types of tactical psychological operations, it is concluded that good and bad imagination and police Which with the highest coefficient of 12.82% and the wagon category with the coefficient of 1.29% at the lowest level of the flow of the diagram. It is noteworthy that levels and types of psychological operations have always followed the discourse and the rationality of time.

Hakim Omar Khayyam mathematicians, astronomers and poets called Iran Seljuk period. Although the scientific base Khayyam literary position is superior, But his reputation further by writing quatrains that in today's global reputation. Rubaiyat have been translated into many languages, living And an English translation by Edward Fitzgerald in 1859 AD. Has brought her fame in the West. Rubaiyat impact on world literature, he has become a symbol of the philosophy of the East and poet intellectuals popular. Although exact numbers are not known Rubaiyat today, but the influence of Persian poetry of Khayyam was so profound that researchers called the situation "the idea Khayyami" trend. Khayyam thought that themes like Seizing the opportunity, Khvshbashy and Randy philosophical astonishment and perplexity to the mystery of existence, emphasizing the short and the passing of time and regret it, and will take refuge in forgetfulness Badە in contemporary Persian poetry and Arabic is clear. In the present study, the philosophical ideas in poetry Abdul Wahhab al-Bayati, love poet Omar Khayyam, look, it's the thought of Khayyam's poetry Mohammad Reza Shafi'i Kadkani that in terms of similarities and a lot to do with al-Bayati, have been compared. The results of this study the comparative approach and interpret the content of the poet's works have been carried out show that Khayyam is less than the depth of thought, both poet and understanding of the thinking of the philosophical al-Bayati Shafi'I preferred kadkani.

The Qalandar is one of the terminology that has been used extensively in literature and poetry. This term has been used in Sufism and Sufism sources in the Sufi meaning but lacks subtle interpretations and symbolic descriptions. Farsi-speaking poets, especially the mystic and Sufi poets, present their subtle and delicate descriptions of the term in symbolic and symbolic language in their poems. The discovery of the symbolic meaning of this word in mystical poetry contributes to the understanding and understanding of many of the Quranic traits and qualities of poetry. One of the traits and qualities of the Qalandars in the mystical symbolic poetry is the following:Leaving of belongings, infidels, Randy, leaving the appearance of religion and the appearance of sharia, writing and ...