مجله پژوهش پرستاری ایران
پیاپی 63 (بهمن و اسفند 1398)

The most common and challenging burden of care in family members of the mentally ill is the problem of disease-induced stigma. Stigma refers to a set of negative attitudes, beliefs, and thoughts about a particular situation that includes the family in addition to the individual. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between the stigma and the family carers' function in the mental health system.

In this descriptive-correlational study, 278 caregivers of psychiatric patients referred to Farshchian (Sina) Educational Center of Hamadan in 1977 were selected using convenience sampling method. Data were collected using three questionnaires: demographic, stigma assessment, family functioning assessment tool. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software.

The mean and standard deviation of stigma and general family functioning were 72.9 ± 14.12 and 2.20 ± 0.26, respectively. There was a significant relationship (p <0.05) between stigma and general functioning as well as the domains of affective fusion, emotional responsiveness, and behavioral control from the Family Functioning Questionnaire (P <0.05).

Given the relationship between stigma and family functioning of psychiatric patients, community education at different levels on appropriate treatment of these patients and their families through the media, health centers, and universities is recommended.

Psychological factors play an important role in developing and maintaining health in hemodialysis patients, so this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress in hemodialysis patients.

The present study was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow-up with control group. The study population consisted of hemodialysis patients in Zanjan in 1397. 20 patients were selected using Purposive sampling and were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10). Patients in the experimental group received mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in 8 sessions during the two months and the control group did not receive any treatment. The DASS-21 Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 was used to measure the research variables. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance.

The results of repeated measure ANOVA showed that after the intervention, the scores of all three sub-scales of depression, anxiety and tension significantly decreased compared to the control group (P <0/01) and the stage in none of the following Scales were not significant (P> 0/01).

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is considered as an effective treatment to reduce the symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, it is suggested that therapists and specialists use the effects of the present study to improve patients' health.
Keywords: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Hemodialysis

Divorce as the legal end of a paired relationship is one of the most stressful events in life, and how to manage and adjust emotions is one of the determinants of mental health and quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive-mindedness-based therapy on emotional schemas and cognitive-emotional ordering strategies of divorced women.

The present study was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group, conducted in 1396-1396. The statistical population of the study consisted of all divorced women in Tehran and the sample was from among women referring to the Judicial Complex of Branch 2 family and Shahid Sadr Judiciary Complex in Tehran. The sample consisted of 30 people in both experimental and control groups (15 people) ) That was done by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. After selecting the subjects and determining the two groups based on gender and age using the coin throwing method, one group was tested and the other Controlled as selected. The research data were collected using emotional schema and emotional adjustment tools whose validity and reliability were confirmed in several studies. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (multivariate covariance analysis) and analysis software Spss v.22 data was analyzed.

The findings of this study showed that cognitive-mindedness-based cognitive therapy significantly affected the emotional schema variables (F=133/998, P= 0/05) positive emotional adjustment parameters (F = 288/159, P = 0/001) And negative excitement setting (F = 1121/165, P= 0/001), and decreased negative emotional strategies and emotional strategies and increased emotional regulation of women in the experimental group.                                                                          

Awareness-based cognitive therapy is a suitable method for regulation of emotional schemas and negative emotional cognitive-behavioral strategies of divorced women. Therefore, with regard to the growth of divorce during the past few years, it is suggested that this intervention be used to reduce the psychological and behavioral consequences of divorce.

Marital satisfaction is a condition of a lasting satisfaction in the relationship between husband and wife, which predicts a sense of happiness in relationships. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive role of self-differentiation and early maladaptive schemas in marital satisfaction of female applicants for divorce.

This descriptive - analytic study was a correlational one. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women referring to judicial complexes in Tehran from May to 1392, whose divorce cases were ongoing until the research was completed. The sample included 225 women from this group. The data were collected using purposeful sampling method. The data were collected using Enrique's paired questionnaire, self-differentiation scale and Young's Schema Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression stepwise using SPSS software. V22 was analyzed.

The results showed that the correlation between the subscales of the initial maladaptive schemas and the marital satisfaction components was significant, and the differentiation variable had a significant relationship with the components of marital satisfaction (P <0.01). The stepwise regression findings also indicated that the variables of the maladaptive schemas in the regression model were about 36.6% of the variance of marital satisfaction variable and the variables of their differentiation in the proposed model were about 1.8% of variance of marital satisfaction variable Explaining

According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that by controlling the early maladaptive schemas and increasing the differentiation of women with incompatibility and low marital satisfaction, there can be significant effects on marital satisfaction and decreasing tendency toward divorce. Therefore, it is necessary to provide treatment interventions in order to reduce the early maladaptive schemas and to increase the differentiation of female applicants for divorce.

Nurses face multiple stressors at work in the workplace and these problems are not limited to the work environment and can affect family relationships.  The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Gatman group counseling on marital intimacy among nurses.

The experimental method was a repeated experiment with a control group. The statistical population of all nurses was 3 hospitals in Zanjan in the second half of 1397. After the first sampeling, 75 people were selected by computer sortition method and a test of the need for intimacy was introduced. The 24 subjects who obtained the lowest scores in the test were randomly assigned to receive Gutmann's couples in 60 minutes in two groups of 12 experimental and control groups. The control group did not receive any counseling until the end of the research process. After the end of the sessions, both groups received a posttest. After 1 month, a test was performed to test the stability of the effect. To analyze the data, spss20 software and repeated measures test were used to evaluate the results.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean marital intimacy of the experimental group (377.08) and the control group (262.92), compared to the follow-up results for the experimental group (392) and the control group (622.08) the sustainability of the treatment effect was confirmed. It can be concluded that Gatman's group counseling with difference (11/16/11) and a significant level of 5% has promoted the marital intimacy of women in the experimental group.

The Gutmann Couple Therapy model improves the marital intimacy of nursing women. And this advice model can be used to promote marital intimacy of shift workers from different institutions and departments.

Considering the provision of bolder social roles for women and the exposure of employed married women to multifaceted roles, paying attention to their psychological well-being is essential. Therefore, the current study was conducted to predict psychological well-being based on health anxiety and perceived stress with the mediating role of self-handicapping in employed married women.

This is a correlational study. The statistical population of the study was all married women aged 20-60 years, working in the School of Nursing and Midwifery affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2018. A sample of 266 people were included to the study by the consensus sampling method. The data collection tools were questionnaires including sociodemographic data, the Ryff psychological well-being questionnaire, Cohen’s perceived stress scale, health anxiety short form, and the self-handicapping scale. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 25 and the AMOS software version 24.

The results showed that health anxiety, perceived stress, and self-handicapping predicted 48% of the variance of psychological well-being. Also, perceived stress and health anxiety predicted 43% of the variance of self-handicapping, thereby affecting psychological well-being.

Given the negative impact of perceived stress, health anxiety, and self-handicapping on the psychological well-being of employed married women, and considering the importance of the health of employed women who play roles both in the family and in the workplace, it is recommended that relevant organizations provide appropriate programs to control aforementioned factors and other possible factors.

Nurses as a key force in protecting, promoting, and improving community health are at risk of work-family interference with multiple professional and family responsibilities. Work-family conflict is associated with many variables and has many negative consequences for nurses. The purpose of this study was to review the studies on work-family conflict in Iranian nurses.

The present study is a systematic review, which was done  in 2018 by searching articles in both Farsi and English languages. Data base like PUBMED, ISI, SCOUPUS, SID, MAGIRAN, IRANDOC,CINHAL  and IRANMEDEX were searched without time limit. The STROBE tool was used to assess the quality of the articles.

After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 studies were included to the study. Findings of the study show that there is a relationship between work-family conflict with variables such as health, family life, turnover, psychological capital, job satisfaction, commitment, enthusiasm and occupational stress, quality of work life, job and family support of nurses.

Although attention to work-family conflict in nurses and its related variables does not eliminate of this problem, but it can reduce it. In addition, studies show that more research on work-family conflict in nurses is descriptive. Therefore, interested researchers are encouraged to pay more attention to interventional research.

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common post-event psychiatric problem that is very painful and stressful and threatens the life of the individual and society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between active memory, anxiety and depression with mediating psychological hardiness in people with post-traumatic stress disorder.

The research method according to the purpose of the applied type and the method of its implementation is descriptive-correlational. Statistical population included all earthquake victims with post traumatic stress disorder in Sar-e-Pol city. Among them, 191 individuals were selected as the sample by multistage random sampling. Data were collected using Dunman and Carpenter Active Memory Questionnaires, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory and Hardiness Scale. In this case, we have the following:Descriptive[m1]  statistics (frequency, mean, percentage and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equations) were used for data analysis by SPSS 21 and LISREL.

The results of data analysis using Pearson correlation and structural equation tests showed that there was a significant relationship between active memory, anxiety and depression with mediation of psychological hardiness in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Findings showed that psychological hardiness mediates the relationship between working memory, anxiety and depression. Post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the most important factors affecting the level of mental health promotion.

 Addiction nowadays has become one of the most serious problems of human society, which leads to the emergence of poverty and unemployment and, more importantly, the emergence of frequent occupational, social and legal problems.The main purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of behavior-dialog therapy in changing the level of negative and positive meta-cognitive beliefs among addicted in Khorramabad city. Work

 This quasi-experimental study was carried out using pretest-posttest design with control group. The research sample consisted of 40 subjects selected from among addicted men in Khorramabad city of Iran and randomly assigned to experimental (of cognitive group therapy) and control groups. At the intervention stage, the experimental group was trained in life-style therapy in 8 sessions. Metacognitive beliefs questionnaire was used for data collection in pre-test and post-test phases for both experimental and control groups. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of MANCOVA. 

 The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups (p <0.06). The findings indicated that the of cognitive group therapy of the health care system is effective in changing the level of positive and negative financial implications.

 Therefore, people who work in the field of combating drugs and treating people with addiction, use of cognitive group therapy, they can create metacognitive beliefs in patients.

The concept of health-related quality of life focuses on the impact of health on the functional ability of individuals to do their daily tasks and routine. Therefore, the present study was conducted to provide a model of health-related quality of life based on self-approach to body image by mediating of self-compassion and shame in overweight and obese people

The present study is a descriptive and correlation study using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Subjects were selected by random cluster sampling from 24 to 45-year-old adults in Karaj who were overweight or obese. Subjects include 500 people. The measuring tools used in this study are: World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, Internalized Shame Scale, Self-Compassion Questionnaire. Data analysis was done using the Baron and Kenny's modified method and the AMOS statistical software.

In obese or overweight individuals, self-compassion and shame had a significant relationship with personal attitudes to body image and health-related quality of life (P <0.05). Individual attitude toward body image had a significant relationship with health-related quality of life in these individuals (P <0.05). Self-compassion and shame mediate the relationship between health-related quality of life based on individual attitudes to body image in obese or overweight people, Based on the significant criteria of fit indices, the tested model is fit.

Health professionals and therapists who are active in the treatment and intervention of obese or overweight people need to pay more attention to the psychological aspects of obesity and overweight in order to improve the quality of life related to their health, Psychological variables such as self-image, self-compassion, shame, and resilience must be emphasized in their interventions.

In order to succeed in today's world, one has to adapt to a reality called change. Therefore, managers can be a screener who defines environmental events in a specific way, and this is one of the important aspects of the organizational change process. The recent study is aimed to present of the formation pattern of entrepreneurial managers mental models in Mashhad educational hospitals.

The research is practical in terms of purpose, and reconnaissance nature with mixed approach. The 12  academic expertise  and hospital managers was participated by snowball technique to achieve theoretical saturation and the Indicators of Mental Models of 225 Managers' opinions was investigated based on murgun table. The method of the present study is qualitative-quantitative using fuzzy Delphi and Demetel Delphi method.

this research showed that the study showed that the sociology as the most influential, the skill the second influential variable and the personality had the least impact on other variables. The variables associated to each respectively of impact were for sociological, educational system, social incentives and role model. For the skill, success need, internal control center, predictive power, risk taking, tendency to creativity and innovation and for the personality, negotiation power, team building skill, planning ability, business management, decision-making power as the most important parameters.

Conclutions:

 The predictive power as the most effectiveness and tendency towards creativity and innovation as the most influential variable were on other variables.