فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 60 (زمستان 1398)

"Love" is one of the vital needs of humanity and one of the most important motivations for the family formation and its preservation. However, as mentioned by the experts, among other factors, a misunderstanding of the concept of “love” has put family at risk. The main goal of the present study is to provide an analytical overview of the concept of “love” in couple relationships, particularly by emphasizing on a criticism Sternberg’s theories (“love triangle" and "Love story”) and present a new approach: “Love as Caring Maturity”. The method of the present qualitative research is based on the herméneutique and critical paradigm and the data deduced from literature review which were investigated using the thematic analysis approach. In this approach, based on neoclassical theories of rationality, "True love" is the product of rationality with all three cognitive, emotional, and intentional capacities, and although influenced by unconscious patterns and schemas, it is a multifaceted, selective phenomenon possessed by “adult ego state”. In this paper, a distinction is made between the concepts of “love” and “pseudo-love” and it is attempted to propose a more comprehensive picture of the meaning of true love in the relationships of couples by suggesting the “love pyramid” approach with a “caring maturity” vertex behind "tend to intimacy", "biological basics", and "decision to commitment". Research findings showed that the "Maturity" element has four domains of consciousness; and "Caring" element has three areas; and "Caring maturity" has five aspects.

Marital adjustment measures the quality of couple relationships. so, finding variables relative to marital adjustment can affect the development of related goals in improving quality level of couple relationships. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital adjustment and to study the meditational role of fear of intimacy in relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital adjustment. The method of this research was correlation (path analysis). The population of this research was married people in kashan in 2017. 250 married people were selected by accessible sampling. The instruments of this research was Dyadic Adjustment Scale Of Spanier (DAS), Short Form Of Yaung Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-SF) and Fear Of Intimacy Scale (FIS). Data analysed by pearson correlation with Amos 21 Gruphic and Spss 21 softwares. Results showed that there was a negative significant correlation between early maladaptive schemas and marital adjustment for men (r= -./31) and women (r= -./53). There was a positive significant correlation between total score of early maladaptine schemas and fear of intimacy for men ( r= ./43) and women ( r= ./58). Moreover there was a negative significant correlation between fear of intimacy and marital adjustment for men (r= -./78) and women (r= -./76). the, path analysis also showed that fear of intimacy is a significant mediator for the relationships between early maladaptive schemas and marital adjustment. Therefore, early maladaptive schemas and fear of intimacy have a major role in marital adjustment. Thus, attention to early maladaptive schemas and fear of intimacy variables feels in tasking with couple.

The aim of the present study, is to test a conceptual model for the mediating role of covert relational aggression on the relationship between marital justice and marital quality. This research was carried out in the framework of a correlational design. The participants were three hundred and twenty two women from Babolsar, Iran, who were selected based on clustered sampling. The participants completed the demographic form, The Marital Justice Scale (Ghaffari, et al., 2013), The Covert Relational Scale (Nelson & Carroll, 2006), and The Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Busby, et al., 1995). Using maximum-likelihood estimation and bootstrap procedure, results from path analysis showed that love withdr-awal have the role of mediator on the relationship between marital justice components (distributional and procedure/interactional) and dyadic satisfaction and cohesion. Also, the findings revealed that social sabotage have the role of mediator on the relationship between procedure/interactional justice and dyadic consensus and satisfaction (p<0.05). Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that marital justice can predict marital quality. Meanwhile, covert relational aggression can clarify of the mechanisms of the effect of marital justice on marital quality. These results can be used to design counseling and therapeutic programs for couples.

The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of education of Imago therapy on reducing regret of choosing a spouse among married students in Gonbad Kavous schools. The current research is a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study was all married students in Gonbad Kavous schools. 30 students were selected based on a standard score of higher than the mean in the regret of choosing a spouse scale and were assigned randomly to an experiment and control groups. The participants completed the regret of choosing a spouse scale in three stages pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The experimental group participated in 10 sessions of imago therapy program for 90 minutes twice a week. Analysis of covariance showed that education of Imago therapy has led to a reduction in regret of choosing a spouse in the experimental group than the control group at posttest and follow-up stages. The findings of research indicate that Imago therapy is a suitable method for reducing the regret of choosing a spouse among the married students.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and emotionally focused therapy (EFT) on marital conflicts of cardiac patients with a history of coronary artery bypass referring to Imam Ali Cardiac Rehabilitation Center in Kermanshah in 2016-2017. The method of this research was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up with control group design. Participants were 45 people who were selected by available sampling method. Participants completed the Barati and Sanaie Marital Conflict Questionnaire. Finally, 45 people who had high grade in marital conflict were selected and randomly divided into three groups (the first experimental group, the second experimental group, and the control group, each group has 15 people). For analyzing the data, covariance analysis, repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferrine's post hoc test were used. The findings showed there is a significant effect of effectiveness of ACT on components of marital conflict reducing collaboration, reducing the separation of finances from each other and marital conflict, also there is a significant effect of effectiveness of EFT on the components of marital conflict, increasing the individual's relationship with relatives, reducing the relationship with the spouse's relatives and marital conflict, Witch the effects of interventions in the follow-up phase (2 months) also remained. Both of treatments were effective, but the effect level of ACT compared to EFT was greater in reducing marital conflict.

The Present study aims to assess the mediating role of inhibitory self-control (ISCI) in the relationship between childparent interaction with social skills and behavioral problems in preschool children. A total of 260 children were selected among Kashmar City preschool children in year 1396-1397, Their mothers completed the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (PCRS), Gresham & Elliott Social Skills Rating Scale (SSRS) and Preschool Beha- -vior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-parent form (BRIEF-P). The research design of this study was correlation, through structural equation modeling. The assessment of the proposed pattern was conducted through path analysis. The results supported the suitability of the relationship between the patterns and the collected data. The results revealed that inhibitory self-control mediated the effects of child-parent interaction in social skills and behavioral problems in preschool children. In fact, child-parent interaction related to social skills and behavioral problems directly and through inhibitory self-control.

The present study aims at evaluating compatibility of mothers of children with intellectual disabilities based on the Double ABCX Model. According to this multivariate model, the relationship between compatibility of mothers of children with behavioral problems, the mothers’ supportive resources and perceived stress with the mediating role of coping styles has been investigated. The research statistical population included mothers of intellectually disabled children in Qom City, of whom 260 were sele -cted as participants. Data were collected through the Rutter Child Behavior Questio -nnaire, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Multidimen -sional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS), Family Resources (FRS), The Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WOCQ), and Psychological Well-Being Scale. The parameters and path coefficients were estimated using SEM and exponential maximum estimation method. The results showed that the model is well fitted with experimental data. Findings indicated that the model used in the research has acceptable goodness of fit to experimental data. In addition, the study of path coefficients shows that family resources have a direct and significant effect on perceived stress and psychological well-being of mothers and coping styles have a mediating role in the relationship between stressor, perceived stress and psychological well-being. The results of this study identify the Double ABCX Model as a multi-dimensional model in explaining and understanding the compatibility of mo -thers of children with intellectual disabilities. The results also provide useful guidelines for interventions.