مجله آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
سال هشتم شماره 2 (زمستان 1398)

The purpose of this study was to a comparison of environmental education in the elementary schools curriculum of Iran and the selected countries based on the four elements of objectives, contents, teaching methods, and evaluation methods of curriculum. This study is qualitative research and comparative one, which has used Bereday model to compare the research data. Population includes countries all over the world, and the sample was comprised of United States of America, Britain, Canada, Australia and Iran that were selected through a purposeful sampling method. The most important environmental education documents were collected through websites of the selected countries and library resources and then analyzed using the four-stages method of Bereday. The findings showed that the objectives and contents of the Iranian curriculum are well explained and do not differ significantly from the objectives and content of the environmental education curriculum of the selected countries. Also, the use of simulation teaching methods, brainstorming and multimedia resources and ICT in environmental education has been neglected. Furthermore, the use of evaluation methods such as diagnostic evaluation and standardized tests have been ignored in the elementary schools of Iran.

The book of "Human and the Environment" base on curriculum general approach (Flourishing divine nature) and according the five elements (Science, Thinking, Faith, Ethics and Practice) in four areas (self, people, creation and almighty creator) have been compiled to teach in the eleventh year in all disciplines. Since this lesson has entered to the country's educational system for the first time as an independent course and attend on the environmental issues seriously and with specific plans, the aim of this study is analysis of the internal aspect and the dimensions of appearance and content. This research was carried out using the descriptive analytical – survey method. The research sample includes three sections: the book of Man and Environmental (whole content), eleventh grades students (1931 person) and the teachers who taught the book (185 person) that participated randomly in this research of 11 provinces and 29 cities. In the book analysis section, the dimensions (categories) obtained from the content analysis are: text, assignments, questions, pictures, tables, charts, discussions, verses, know more and impact of content on the promotion of skills and individual interests. These dimensions are evaluated less than the hypothetical average for students and more than the hypothetical average for teachers with ranking and grade of importance differ from students. Accordingly, correction and alignment of dimensions with details in each of items has been suggested to remove the disadvantages and also ease of student learning and teacher training.

The purpose of this study was to design a green campus model for Farhangian University. The qualitative research approach was a "case study" research. The instruments of the data gathering are: direct observation, semi-structured  focus group interview, document analysis and human artifacts.  The methods of  data analysis were thematic analysis and database formation. MAXQDA2018 software was used for data analysis, and three types of trilogy including data, theoretical and survey were employed to estimate the reliability of the research. The results of the  thematic unit analysis revealed 7 main and 30  subordinate themes.the seven main themes include:"Teaching and Learning"; "Participation and Networking of Social Interactions"; "Environmental Management System"; Research, Technology and Innovation ";" Leadership and Planning ";" Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting "; and" Human Resource Management ". This study showed that all departments of the universty should cooperate to develop green management.Therefore, to achieve the goals of Green University, the  participation and cooperation of different deparments of the university are recommended.

Humans cannot solve environmental problems without any change in their thoughts and behaviors. The present study has been done to investigate the factors influencing environmental behavior of rice cultivators in order to sustainability of paddy in the County of Sari. This research is applied researches kind that has been done in descriptive-correlational method. The population of the research consisted of rice cultivators in County of Sari (N =24502) that 269 of them were chosen based on Cochran formula. A questionnaire was used to collect data; its validity was confirmed by experts and scholars and for the reliability of the questionnaire, after a pilot test, the 30 copy of which was completed by rice cultivators of Miyanrood County. The Cronbach’s alpha for the mentioned questionnaire was reported as 0.74. The results showed that 58.5 percent of rice cultivators are at an average level of environmental protection. Correlation analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between number of family members of rice cultivators, performance, total annual income of paddy per year, social feature, training methods, attitudes and information resources with environmental behavior. Multiple step by step regression analysis showed that 27 percent of the variance in the level of environmental protection behaviors of rice cultivators was explained by three variables of training methods, total annual income of paddy per year and performance.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the quantitative and qualitative status of Iran's scientific production in the field of environmental sciences and compare it with the countries of the Middle East to know about position of Iran and helping to policy making decisions in the environmental field. The present study is scientometrics approach. Scientific products in the field of Environmental sciences between 2008 and 2017 extracted from WOS database. HistCite and VOSviewer software are used for data analysis and drawing of scientific maps, and for statistical analysis, Excel software has been used. The results showed that Iran has 8147 indexed documents in the field of environmental sciences. The highest number of documents is for 2017. In terms of the number of documents in this field, Iran ranked 19th in the world and has the second place in the Middle East, also, In terms of international cooperation in the world and in the Middle East, Iran is the most cooperative with the countries of the United States and Turkey. The results indicate the growing trend of Iran’s documents in this area. Considering that Iran has a good position in the Middle East in terms of the number of documents and citations, it has had a poor performance in terms of international cooperation and the Relative Specialization Index (RSI), which should be taken into consideration.

The purpose of this study was to identify the level of awareness among parents, students and teachers of secondary schools in Nahavand about the environmental aspects of sustainable development and their differences. The method of this study was mixed (qualitative and qualitative) and applied in terms of purpose. The research population consisted of parents (parents), students (girls and boys), sixth grade and elementary school teachers (male and female) elementary schools in Nahavand. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. Using purposeful sampling, 6 teachers and 6 parents and 6 pupls (for interviews) were selected using random sampling method. According to the Cochran formula, 296 parents, 296 students and 107 teachers (for the questionnaire) as the sample group were chosen. The validity and reliability of this research tool were reviewed and verified. t-test and Pearson correlation and mean rating were used to analyze the data. The results showed that teachers 'awareness was more than parent and parents' awareness was higher than students, and there was a significant difference between parents, students and teachers regarding the level of environmental awareness. Teachers and parents were studied in terms of their teaching history, field of study, and educational level. In addition, the results showed that the environmental dimension in the elementary curriculum content has been underestimated from the viewpoint of teachers and students. The reason for teachers greater awareness of the environment and sustainable development was in- service training, education and more studying than other the groups.

As societies' sensitivity to the challenges of sustainability grows and expands, the development of sustainable cities has developed as another challenge, with education always being one of the tools of sustainable development. Schools play a wide role in planning and implementing education for sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to establish a framework and rank components of sustainable schools in order to develop sustainable cities in Iran. The present study is a mixed and exploratory study conducted in both qualitative and quantitative phases. In the qualitative phase, indicators of sustainable schools extracted by the study of literature and expert opinion, and in the quantitative phase, weighting of extractable variables using the method The ANP was conducted by 20 experts in the field. After analyzing the paired comparisons questionnaire, the weights of the indices were determined using EXCEL and Super Decision software. The results of the analysis showed that: student component with weight (0.33017), teacher (0.29086), curriculum (0.12801), school organization (0.11422), education (0.11382), and communication (0.1772). Have the most impact on the integration of school sustainability components in sustainable city design, respectively. Given the mission of education in the sustainability and growth of sustainable cities and in line with the gradual movement of schools towards sustainable development, changes to school standards are essential; and can be considered as one of the priority components of sustainable city development.

The main purpose of this applied research was to determine farmer’s environmental behavior and factors affecting it in Qorveh County of Kurdistan province. The data were collected by a surveying method with using a questionnaire technique. The collected data were analyzed by using both SPSS and PLS softwares through a structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the research includes all 12845 farmers in Qorveh County. Of those, 374 people were first selected as samples using Kerjcie and Morgan's table then a randomized sampling method by an optimal assignment technique was used for determining samples between each village. The results revealed a significant relationship between the external variables environmental knowledge and awareness, environmental concern, subjective norm and farmers' environmental attitude with the variable farmers' intention. The environmental concerns had the most direct effect on the farmers' intention. The results showed that the variable farmers' intention can determine 32 percent (β =0.32) of dependent variable (farmer’s environmental behavior).Therefore, it is concluded that the farmers' intention as an important factor can effect on their environmental behavior, and the farmers' intention influenced strongly by the variable farmers' environmental concerns.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate and identify the factors influencing sustainable agriculture among greenhouse farmers of south of Kerman with emplesize on educational factors. This research was a kind of descriptive-correlation. The population of this study includes 1839 greenhouse farmers. According to Krejcie & Morgan table, 320 farmers were selected by stratified random sampling for doing the study. The research tools were questionnaire. To analyze the validity of research tools, the view points of some scholars of agricultural extension are considered and to examine reliability of tool, about 30 questionnaires were fulfillment by greenhouse farmers of south of Kerman, The reliability of the instrument was measured by calculating Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, The reliability of the instrument for various questions varied from 0.79 to 0.91 that showed a high reliability for the instrument. Data were analyzed SPSS18. The results of factor analysis showed that the four factors of supportive and educational facilities, infrastructure and production right policies, encouraging the development of sustainable production and development of healthy products market about 80% of the total variance explained factors. According to the results, based on the effect of educational methods on the green house cultures sustainability it is suggested through notification and educational different methods, increasing the sustainability of production and improving the overall health of the community.

Today, environmental problems have social roots and, thus, it is important to know the attitudes of individuals about the environment. In this regard, the research with the aim of study the factors related with environmental attitude in the high school students the has been done. The statistical population of this research, were high school students of Tehran that 450 individuals were selected by using of cluster random sampling by using of Cochran formula. The research is of survey type and questionnaire is the tool of data collecting. The questionnaire Validity is of formal type and its reliability is measured using Cronbach's alpha. The results show that is benefit from informed sources and Imagination of the family's environmental performance has a significant relationship with the environmental awareness. Also environemtal awareness and environemtal values has a significant relationship with the environmental attitude. Results of regression analysis show that, according to the adjusted coefficient of determination variables in the regression equation, 18% of the variance of the dependent variable is determined by the independent variables; and environmental values, has the greatest total effect on the environmental attitude.