دانشنامه علوم قرآن و حدیث
پیاپی 6 (پاییز و زمستان 1395)

The role of Iranians in the flourishing of Islamic civilization is deniable; the growth of Islamic sciences is due to the efforts of Iranians and roles of some Iranian prominent intellectuals have a significant effect on Islamic civilization; many commentators, historians, theologians, and traditionists of the Islamic world are Iranian. In the fifth century (AH), one of the reasons for the development of Islamic sciences is its history of Islamic civilization. It should be noted that the science of tradition is so important among the Islamic sciences in which the Iranians played a significant and also a decisive role. In this short article, the Iranian efforts to cultivate and expand the sciences of tradition (hadith) in the fifth century (AH) are reviewed by examining the status of the traditionists and their works.

Among the issues that have arisen in the past and today between lexicographers and commentators is the existence or absence of synonyms in the Holy Qur’an. It should be noted that scholars in the past interpreted most of the Quranic words with other words, which could imply the existence of synonyms in their view. However, from the middle of the third century, some lexicographers came up with a different view that each term was formed for a particular meaning; hence no two terms are synonyms. Abuhlal Askari also commented on this point and wrote a book titled “Al-Furuk al-Lukhwai”, in which he distinguished between synonymous words, but in this way he had not been immune to mistake. In this research, we have criticized the strength and weakness of their opinions according to a number of lexicographers and commentators; regardless of representing any personal interest. In the case of the existence or absence of synonyms in the Holy Qur’an, it should be said that synonyms are not used in it, and each word has its own special meaning; and words are only partially synonymous with each other. Even lexicographers and commentators have not believed in synonymy for each word, and they have considered different meanings for each word. It is worth mentioning that so far, nobody has looked at the synonyms according to Abohelal in the book “Al-Frouh Al-Lughoyeh”, and based on commentators’ views; thus this research is unprecedented in its field.

Sunnis have written more than Shiites in the subject of tradition (Hadith); apart from the fact that the abundance of false Hadiths in Sunnis has led to this scientific endeavor, however, Shiites has been less concerned with the critique of Hadith text. Attempts to recognize the traditions among Sunnis reach the point where a collection called “Mosaleh Allahidith va Al-Asar al-Dhaifa va al-Mousawa” has been written. In this paper, an analytical report is presented, and an attempt has been made to review these works as well as presenting statistics from the publication numbers in different ages and the quality of each work.

Fighting against economic corruption and recession in the society is one of the important and practical principles of the economy. In general, there is no society without economic corruption, bribery, hoarding and economic crisis. What is important is how to manage and fight against those great economic problems. By looking more precisely at Imam Ali’s management methodology, we can find that he provided regular and predetermined plans to fight against the economic corruptors. In this paper, we will enumerate his preventive and penal actions to fight against economic recession and also we will mention the effective solution extracted from the Imam Ali’s tradition (Sirah of Imam Ali).

Some religious teachings, unfortunately, are less visible and analyzed despite the fundamental and special significance in the Islamic knowledge. It should be noted that perhaps pudency (modesty) as the most important of these kinds of doctrines, has been neglected by most experts and scholars of Islam, especially during this period, which could be called the “brazen era”. In this article, the supreme position of “Haya” or pudency (modesty) in English is examined as well as providing a new definition of this term. Then, this term “Haya” is meticulously analyzed, in order to more precisely and deeply understand its effects on the reciprocal interactions of the individual and society. Otherwise, the lack of modesty, which is called “insolence”, has an irreparable damage to the person and society in the writer’s opinion. Being aware of the supreme position of “Haya” and the fact that lack of this feature among people and in the community causes the fundamental damage to the structure of the religious community in different parts, the sensitivity and, consequently, efforts to improve the level of modesty in the aforementioned aspects are created; this effort is manifested in research and teaching formats. Theoretical and applied researches of dedicated scholars, along with public and private education by expert practitioners and religious scholars will make a good atmosphere in the society abundance of the pudency (modesty) and shame of attending to the righteous God.

The semantic difference between the two Quranic words “patience”(Sabr) and “forbearance” (Helm) has long been the subject of Quranic scholars’ research, due to their extensive application in this divine book and their important position in the ethical and religious system of Islam. At the outset of this article, according to the traditions of the infallibles (as), the incommensurability and non-synonymy of “patience” and “forbearance” has been fixed. Then, based on lexical studies, it has been determined that the original semantic meaning of the word “patience” is “imprisonment” and the meaning of “forbearance” is “Separating the tick from the camel’s tone”, and based on this, all the derivatives of these two roots are justified and explained. Patience faced with the divine tests, the routine calamities, the difficulty of the worship of Allah Almighty and all suffering and difficulty, but the forbearance is a moral and social feature and its role is determined in encountering wisely with ignorant and intimidating and reflecting in response to them.