مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 105، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1399)

Exercise targets the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factors and has a major impact on the overall health of the brain. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of a period of interval training on neutrophilic factors of BDNF and CDNF in rats fed with high-fat foods.

In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups with same number: normal nutrition, high fat diet, and high fat diet + interval exercise. Interval exercises were performed in the first 3 weeks with low intensity, moderate intensity in week 4, and week of 5-8th at high intensity and 5 days in per week for 8 weeks. After the end of the eighth week, the rats were killed and the levels of the indices studied were evaluated by ELISA assay kits. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test were used to analyze of the data.

The results showed that after a high-fat diet, there was a significant decrease in plasma levels of BDNF (P = 0.001) and CDNF (P = 0.001) compared to control group. On the other hand, after a period of interval exercise and nutrition, a significant increase was observed in BDNF levels (P= 0.001, P= 0.002) and CDNF (P= 0.001, P= 0.003) respectively, Compared to control and high fat diet groups.

These results may indicate the positive role of this type of exercise in preventing and neutralizing the disadvantages of high-fat diet, metabolic diseases, and as well as maintain of brain health.

The presence of different climatic conditions in Iran has resulted in the high richness of medicinal plants. The occurrence of adverse side effects was reported following use of the chemical-based repellents which extensively used for personal protection against nuisance mosquitoes. All the efforts are made for exploring new repellents originated from medicinal plants and could be protected safe and whole night against biting arthropods. This will be an effective action for preventing of risk of arthropod-borne diseases.

The fennel seeds and cinnamon bark were chosen due to antibacterial, antioxidant and insecticidal properties. The essential oils were obtained using hydro-distillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical components of essential oils were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A well-colonized Aedes vexans in insectary was used for repellency assays on the animal model (the white rabbit).

Eighteen and 15 components were identified in the essential oils of fennel and cinnamon and Cadina-1,4-diene and b-Oplopenone were respectively as the main components. The protection time of 50% essential oils was assessed against lab-bred Aedes vexans, and protection time were estimated 3 and 3.5 h for F. vulgare and 1 and 1.5 h for C. verum,. According to a dose-response analysis, the median effective dosage (ED50) of essential oils was 13.7 and 84.2 μl/cm2 for F. vulgare and C. verum.

The essential oil of F. vulgare could provide acceptable protection against dengue fever vectors on the animal subject. It is recommended to be continued the investigation on human volunteers against other medically important arthropods.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major contributor to maternal and neonatal death. GBS colonization in the mother can be transient or intermittent, which is why its examination during delivery is more valuable than screening at lower gestational age. The aim of this study was to compare the complications of premature delivery with term ones in positive cases of GBS by PCR method, which has a higher sensitivity and specificity.

This study provides a cross-sectional study of 160 births. Eighty women with gestational age 28 to 36 weeks and 6 days (preterm group) and 80 women with gestational age 37 to 41 weeks (term) admitted in gynecology ward of Imam Reza Hospital, affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences since March 2016 to September 2016 were investigated. Separate vaginal swabs were obtained from each person to detect GBS by PCR. The two groups were compared in terms of the prevalence of GBS and maternal and neonatal complications.

The prevalence of GBS was 9.4%, which included. 12.3% of mothers of preterm group and 6.3% of mothers of the term group. The frequency of bacteriuria was 40% -50% (P <0.001), pyelonephritis 0% -20% (P = 0.039), and metritis 60% -70% (P <0.001) in preterm and term groups with positive PCR assays, respectively. The prevalence of otitis was 40% -40% (P = 0.039), meningitis 20% -40% (P <0.001), pneumonia 60%
-80% (P <0.001 ), sepsis 20% - 50% (P <0.001), respiratory distress 40% -80% (P <0.001), apnea 20% -40% (P <0.001), hypotension 0% -30% (P < 0.001) and hospitalization in NICU 40% - 100% (P <0.001) in the infants of the preterm and term group with PCR positive test in mother, respectively.

Maternal and neonatal complications are more common in GBS positive cases in preterm pregnancies than in term pregnancy. PCR testing is required for diagnosing in premature labor.

One of the spices of compositae is the Sclerorhachis platyrachis that is Iranian native. This aromatic plant has been known as bacterial growth inhibitor. This study have been attempted to investigate antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity effect of Sclerorhachis platyrachis extractson the MCF-7 cell line.

The Hexane (HE), Chloroform (CE), Ethyl acetate (EE), Methanolic extracts (ME) of Sclerorhachis platyrachis leaves prepared by usingmaceration method. The DPPH assay was used for determination of antioxidant activity. Also, total phenolic content measured. The cytotoxicity of the extracts on MCF-7 and HEK-293 cells evaluated using MTT assay in both 48h and 72h.

evaluation of antioxidant activity indicated that radical scavenging ability was as ascorbic acid> ME > EE > CE > HE, While, total phenolic content was as CE>ME>EE>HE. The highest and the lowest cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells were related to CE and ME respectively. Except for ethyl acetate extract, all extract were non toxic on the HEK-293 cells.

Our findings showed that the chloroform extract of aerial part of Sclerorhachis platyrachis had the strongest effect against breast cancer carcinoma (MCF-7). Whereas,the extracts of this plant had no cytotoxicity on the normal cells.

Health literacy refers to abilities of individuals, communities and groups to obtain, understand, and use the basic necessary information and services to improve, maintain and promote health. This study aimed to determine the status of ear and hearing- related health literacy in adolescents and young adults.

Given the lack of specific tools for measuring the ear and hearing- related health literacy, an appropriate tool was developed. The validity of the tool was confirmed by a survey of experts and calculating the content validity rate and index. Internal correlation of questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha; and the reliability of questionnaire was approved by a test-retest method. After the tool finalization, the ear and hearing- related health literacy was measured in 4890 Iranian young adults and adolescents.

In the selected sample, 45.9% were male and 54.1% were female, and the mean and standard deviation of participants' age were 17± 3. The mean score of ear and hearing- related health literacy was 30.81 ± 3.75. The ear and hearing- related health literacy was adequate in 2.8% of samples and inadequate in 97.2%. There were significant statistical differences in the status of ear and hearing- related health literacy in people with different age, gender, number of study years, occupation, marital status, and income.

There were low general levels of ear and hearing- related health literacy as well as skills of searching, understanding, evaluating and using health information and services in Iranian adolescents and young adults.

Pregnancy is associated with many physiological changes that can affect the effectiveness of drugs. Our purpose in this study was to asses the pattern of drug use during pregnancy, self-administration consumption, maternal and fetal complications.

This study was conducted on 1300 pregnant women referred to health centers of Sanandaj and south of Tehran during 2016-17. The information was obtained by interviewing mothers and examining the documentation of the delivery. Finally all data analysis was performed by SPSS software, v.18 and Chi square and T- test. 

The largest age group of participants was 18-35 years old (80.2%). The most of them were housewives )78.5%) and 87.3% of them had at least a diploma. self-administration consumption was significantly more common in mothers with unwanted pregnancies and those who received their prenatal care from unskilled persons (P<0.05).

In women with self-administration consumption, the mean of education was less. It is concluded that education system has a important role in the change of knowledge, attitude and performance. self-administration consumption more happened between they who were advised by unskilled assistance and they who had uwanted pregnancy. Therefore, we should extend Reproductive Health services for development of Iranian women and mothers society.

Professional socialization, as a major issue in nursing, is a process during which novice nurses become professiona nurses with good fanction. Professional socialization of nurses is essential in this caring profession and has a direct link with the quality of provided services. Therefore, aim of this study is to assesed the barriares and facilitators of professional socialization of nurses.

This review conducted based on the Broom approach. The studies related to the purpose of study, with English or Persian language, that the full text was accessible, were included in the study, Key words used include professional socialization, nursing, barriers and facilitators. Persian and International accredited online databases such as Magiran, SID, Iranmedex, Pubmed, google scholar, MEDLINE, Scopus, Elsevier and Sciencedirect were used. Ultimately 31 articles were included.

results showed that organizational factors, inadequate student selection system, gap between theory and practice, and perspectives of the community to the nursing profession were barriers to nurses' professional socialization. Also, reforming resources and educational structure, providing an accessible learning environment, using proper role models, empowering individual and professional nurses, were facilitators of this process.

Effective profession socialization in the nursing requires the provision conditions and Arrangements in the field of education and services. So, nursing managers need to consider barriers of professional socialization and apply the necessary measures to eliminate these barriers in order to improve the quality of care and patient satisfaction.

There are reports for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypnotic, neuroprotective and anti-oxidative effects of safranal. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic effects of safranal using acute pain method in rat and determine the role of GABAergic and Opioidergic pathways.

Wistar male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=6). Experimental groups including: Control, safranal (1, 2, 4, mg/kg, ip) and the most effective dose of safranal in combination with naloxone or flumazenil receiving groups. The analgesic effect was assessed by plantar apparatus in 30, 60 and 90 min after drugs or vehicle administration.

Our results showed that safranal injection (2 mg/kg, ip) significantly increased the time delay in response to thermal inducing pain effect at 30, 60 and 90 min after injection compared with the control group(P <0.05). While, the administration of flumazenil with the same dose, prevented analgesic effect of safranal at all three times (P <0.05).

Our findings support the analgesic effect of safranal. Considering the effects of flumazenil in preventing the safranal analgesia, it seems that GABAergic system may mediate the analgesic effect of safranal.

job involvement and intention to leave job are important feedbacks of work. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between job involvement and intention to leave job among anesthetist employed in Sanandaj hospitals in 2017.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 90 anesthetist working in Sanandaj hospitals were enrolled in the study. Data were collected from the Kanongo Job Anxiety Questionnaire, Attwod and Hinshaw Vacancy Forecasting Questionnaire and demographic and occupational information questionnaire. Version 23 of SPSS software was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and chi-square test.

The mean and standard deviation of job involvement and intention to leave job were 2±0.056 and 2±0.063, respectively. Also, the results showed that there is a significant relationship between job involvement and intention to leave job with all demographic and occupational variables (p <0.05).

Considering the low level of job involvement and the high intention to leave job in anesthetist, rooting and planning is recommended by the authorities.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a common, serious and costly complication in patients of intensive care units. Oral hygiene is one of the important clinical measures to reduce the amount of pulmonary infection in these patients. Therefore, this study compares the effects of chlorhexidine and orthodontal mouthwashes on prevention of pulmonary infection in patients with endotracheal tracheal intubation under mechanical ventilation in intensive care units.

This double-blind clinical trial study was performed on 60 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in two groups of intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30) in ICU department of Imam Reza hospital in Kermanshah. In the control group, chlorhexidine (0.2%) mouthwash and in the intervention group, Ortodontol mouthwash was used three times a day. Data on the rate of early and late pneumonia were compared based on CPIS criteria applying t-test and Chi-square.

The incidence of early and delay pneumonia in the intervention group was lower than that of control, but no significant difference was observed (P >0.05). The overall frequency of pulmonary infection in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.03). The frequency of pneumonia causes was lower in the intervention group, but this decrease was statistically significant in Staphylococcus aureus (P = 0.03).

According to the results of this study, orthodontol mouthwash can be effective in reducing the incidence of pulmonary infection associated with mechanical ventilation.

Ventilator-acquired pneumonia is common in invasive mechanical ventilatory patients. There are various methods to prevent and reduce the incidence of ventilator-acquired pneumonia, one of which is the use of combined mouthwashes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined mouthwash on the prevention of ventilator-acquired pneumonia.

In this clinical-trial study, patients were randomly selected and divided into control and study group. The patients with GCS = 3 and brain death and mechanical ventilation less than 48 hours were excluded from the study. The control group received 0.2% chlorhexidine for mouthwash and the study group received gentamicin 2%, colistin 2% and vancomycin 2%. Mouthwashes were used until the creation of pneumonia symptoms, patient mortality, and endotracheal intubation. Statistical analysis was completed after the study.

The incidence of pneumonia was 19 (30.64%) in the study group and 16 (25.8%) in the control group (P = 0.23). In the study group, 39 (62/9%) patients and in the control group 40 patients (64/5%) were discharged (P = 49/0). Cultures endotracheal secretions were reported negatively in 40 patients (5.64%) of study group and 45 patients (58.72%) in control group (P = 0.04). The isolated bacteria in the study group included 11 cases of Acinetobacter (50%), four cases of Pseudomonas (18.18%), two cases of E.coli (9.09%), two cases of Klebsiella (9.09%) and three cases of Gram -positive (16.63%). Also these bacteria were reported as 11 cases of Acinetobacter (64.7%), three cases of Klebsiella (17/64%), two cases of Pseudomonas (11.76%), one case of E.coli (5.9%) in control group (P = 0.001).

This study showed that a mouthwash with a combination of Gentamicin-Clestin and Vancomycin, compared to chlorhexidine, was not more effective in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.