نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 46، فروردین 1399)

Research on sleep in people with obsessive-compulsive symptoms is scarce and scattered, but there is growing research literature showing that obsessive-compulsive symptoms are often associated with sleep disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of obsessive-compulsive beliefs including responsibility, perfectionism, and importance of thoughts on sleep quality. For this purpose, a sample of 200 university students of Tehran Universities was selected by available sampling. Data were collected by using two questionnaires Obsessive-Compulsive Beliefs Questionnaire (2005) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (1989). The results showed that there was a significant relationship between obsessive beliefs including responsibility, perfectionism, and importance of thoughts and quality of sleep. Also, obsessive beliefs predict sleep quality (p <0.05). In addition, among obsessive beliefs, importance of thoughts is the strongest predictor of sleep quality. Given these findings and the role of sleep hygiene in the occurrence and treatment of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, concurrent attention to obsessive-compulsive beliefs and sleep quality in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms is recommended.

One of the most critical environmental factors in the formation of attachment is childhood experiences, especially childhood abuse experiences. This study aimed to investigate the role of childhood abuse experiences on attachment dimensions among adulthood. This study was a descriptive-analytical from correlation type. The statistical population included all university students in the Islamic Azad University of Urmia branch in the 2015 year. Totally 385 students were selected through a random cluster sampling method. All of them completed the childhood abuse experiences questionnaire (Mohammadkhani et al, 2003) and attachment questionnaires (van Oudenhoven et al, 2003). Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation and multivariate regression method. Findings showed Physical, emotional, sexual abuse and neglect have a significant negative relationship with secure attachment. Emotional abuse had a significant positive correlation with preoccupied and fearful attachment. Physical and sexual abuse has a significant positive relationship with dismissing attachment. Neglect abuse doesn't have any significant association with insecure attachment dimensions. Also, childhood abuse experiences significantly predicted 15, 8/6, 1/6 and 5/5 percent of the variance of secure, preoccupied, fearful and dismissing attachment, respectively (p≤0/01). According to the findings of this research, counselors and therapists should pay attention to these variables and design appropriate programs to create secure attachment and prevent shaping insecure attachment dimensions.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on the improvement of attention deficit disorder in patients with hyperactivity disorder, based on quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all patients with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran (1397-1396). The patients were selected randomly by access sampling method and 30 entry and exit criteria were randomly selected and divided into two groups: control and Witnessed. Subjects, before and after the intervention, which included the Stroup computer test (1935) and the continuous performance test (Razold et al. 1956), were tested by the sequencing test (Battery, 1994) and Focus Point Questionnaire (Woody, Chamblass & Glass, 1997 quoted by Khayr et al. 2008) were evaluated. The results of the study indicated that cognitive rehabilitation affects the improvement of attention deficit disorder in patients with attention deficit, selective attention, continuous attention, distributed attention hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion training program on psychological well-being and rumination of the mothers of children with special learning disabilities. Thirty Mothers of children with special learning disabilities were selected and divided into two groups. Psychological well-being questionnaire and rumination questionnaire were conducted as the pre-test. Then, the mothers of the experimental group attended in the self-compassion training program for eight sessions. The same survey was used as post-test on both groups. These values were compared through covariance analysis. The results showed a significant increase in psychological well-being and reduction in rumination of the mothers of the experimental group compared with the control group. Thus, the effectiveness of self-compassion training program on mental well-being and rumination of the mothers of children with special learning disabilities was confirmed.

The emergence of acute and chronic physical diseases in children causes damage to parents, especially mothers’ mental health. Therefore the present study was conducted aiming to compare compassion fatigue, psychological distress and mindfulness skills among mothers of the children with CP and mothers of healthy ones. It had a causal-comparative method. The statistical population included mothers of CP children and healthy ones in the city of Tehran in 2016. The sample size was 100 mothers of CP children and 100 healthy ones who were selected through a non-random convenient sampling method. The applied questionnaires included vocational life quality (Stam, 2005), psychological distress questionnaire (Kesler et al., 2002) and mindfulness skills questionnaire (Bier, Smith and Allen, 2004). The data analysis was done through MANOVA. The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between compassion fatigue, psychological distress, and mindfulness skills among mothers of CP children with and mothers of healthy ones (p<0.0001) in a way that mothers of CP children have higher compassion fatigue and psychological distress and lower mindfulness skills than the mothers of healthy ones. According to the findings of the present study, mothers of CP children have higher compassion fatigue and psychological distress and lower mindfulness skills due to treatment and psychological involvement with their children’s sickness; so, there needs to use treatments related to these components such as mindfulness and acceptance and commitment treatment to improve them.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of behavioral activation group therapy on emotional regulation strategies and suicidal ideation in female students with major depressive disorder. The study was a semi experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group.  The statistical population of the study consisted of all 3grade students of high schools in Shiraz city in the academic year of 2018-19., of which 30 were selected after the diagnosis of major depressive disorder and then the clinical interview and randomly being assigned into two experimental (15 couples) and controls (15 couples) groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of 90 minutes (weekly twice) of the program of behavioral activation group therapy; the control group waited 2 months to receive the intervention. Emotion regulation Gross & John (2003) and beck suicide (1979) questionnaires were used to collect information in two stages of pretest and posttest. Multivariate analysis of covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the pre-test and post-test scores with the control of the effect of pretest on the components of emotional a regulation strategies including re-evaluation and suppression (P <0.01). In other words, it can be said that the behavioral activation therapy group has an effect on improving emotional regulation strategies and reducing the  suicidal ideation in students with major depressive disorder.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of problem-solving skills training on students' creativity and academic motivation. The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female secondary school students in Mashhad, in the first half of the first semester of the first academic year of 2018-19. During the first half of the first semester, 30 students were selected as the sample of the research according to the preliminary assessments and purposefully. A randomized design was used in two experimental groups (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The experimental group received a one-on-one session in 8 sessions of 90 minutes per week; the control group was placed on the waiting list for two months. Collecting information was done by the creativity creation questionnaire (Abedi, 1372) and achievement motivation test (1972) were used. Multivariate analysis of covariance analysis was  to analyze the data. The results of the data analys  showed that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of post-test of the experimental group in the variables of creativity and academic motivation (P <0.001) by controlling the effect of the pre-test. According to the results of the research, it can be said that the training of problem -solving skills affects the increase in the level of creativity and academic motivation of the progress of the female students.

The present study was conducted to the comparison of human judgment, help-seeking and social acceptability in students with and without in dyslexia. The research method was a causal comparison of post-event type. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students with particular reading disabilities in the primary school of Rasht in the first half of the academic year 2017-2018. The available sampling method was 60 people (30 people with dyslexia and 30 people without dyslexia) were selected as statistical samples. The human judgment scale, the help-seeking questionnaire and social acceptability questionnaire were used to collect information. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using SPSS20 software. Findings showed that there is a significant difference between human judgment, help-seeking and social acceptability among students with and without dyslexia (p <0.01). So that students with specific reading-learning disabilities received lower scores in all three variables compared to students with dyslexia. This result uses for essential implications in the education and promotion of mental health of students with dyslexia.

Job burnout among nurses is a serious issue that threatens their health and the health of patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of self-compassion and psychological flexibility in predicting the burnout of nurses. This research was applied in terms of purpose and the method was descriptive of correlation type. The study population consists of all nurses from Tehran's public hospitals in 1397. 150 people were selected as a research sample by multi-stage random cluster sampling. For collecting data, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire -II (AAQ-II), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were used. Results were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between psychological flexibility and self-compassion with burnout. 23% of the variance of job burnout variables is predicted by psychological flexibility and self-compassion. Regarding the findings of this study, it is suggested that psychological and educational intervention based on improving the psychological flexibility and self-Compassion should be conducted to reduce the burnout among nurses by related centers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family cohesion and problem-solving ability with the attitude towards delinquent behaviors in girl adolescents. The present study was a descriptive correlational study. Of the 2,500 statistical community a sample of 250 female students in the other secondary school in 17 districts of Tehran according to Krejcie and Morgan tables were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method in the academic year of 2017-18. The Questionnaire on Attitude to Delinquent Behaviors, Family Organized Cohesiveness Scale and Problem Solving Inventory were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise regression methods. The results showed that there is a negative and significant correlation between attitude toward delinquent behaviors with family cohesion (r=-0/327), problem-solving ability (r= -0/372), problem-solving confidence (r=-0/263), the desire to solve the problem (r=-0/366) and personal control (r=-0/145). The results of the regression analysis also showed that predictor variables predict 0/21 of the variance of attitudes toward delinquent behaviors. According to the findings, it can be concluded that family cohesion and problem-solving abilities are among the factors affecting the reduction of the attitude towards delinquent behaviors in adolescent girls.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of Miller's conflict resolution method on happiness and burnout of couples with marital problems. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study was people who referred to the Qom Cultural Center. 20 couples were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental (10 couples) and control group (10 couples). Miller's educational protocol was implemented in 7 sessions for 7 weeks for the experimental group, and the control group did not receive any psychological treatment during this period. For collecting data, Pines’s couple burnout scale and Oxford happiness Inventory was used. Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis. The result showed that conflict solving training by the Miller method increased the happiness of couples (P <0.01) and decreased their marital burnout (P <0.01). According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the use of Miller Conflict solving training program is effective in increasing happiness and decreasing marital burnout.

Love truma syndrome is a set of symptoms that occures after the end of romantic relationship and has negative effects on individual performance in different functions. The aim of present study was to explanation of cognitive reactions in girls with love trauma syndrome living in dormitory. The research method was a qualitative method with phenomenological approach. The population consisted of girls with love truma syndrome during 2018 living in a dormitory in University of Tehran. They were selected by invitation through a purposive sampling. Sampling continued until data saturation and finally 14 girls were selected. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi method. The data analysis resulted in 2 main themes, 9 subthemes and 38 initial concepts. As the fisrt theme, “adaptative cognitive reactions” consisted (1-positive defensive thoughts, 2- adaptative decision-making, 3- flourish). The second main theme was “maladaptive cognitive reactions” consisted (1- disorientation, 2- maladapative decision-making, 3- bargaining, 4-  changed beliefs, 5- cognitive distortions, 6- rumination). Rusults Showed different reactions in participants. Environmental and psychological supports, personal insight and personality type were effective on reactions. People with more self-awareness and independence got less impression from this experience.

Psychological stress is common in many chronic diseases, and considerable evidence suggests its role as a serious risk factor in the etiology and course of diabetes. Therefore, the present study aimed to systematically review and Qualitative meta-analysis on the role of stress in the etiology of diabetes in Iran and other countries. The data in this qualitative meta-analysis was all articles and theses related to keywords and in line with the purpose of the research. Database searches were conducted between 2010 and 2019 with keywords such as systematic review, Qualitative meta-analysis, stress, diabetes as well as searches based on the amount of citations of researchers in this field. The analysis of the findings of the researches showed that the researches have both significant and prominent features both structurally and methodologically and in terms of content. All researches that were analyzed and evaluated in the present study included 35 researches, out of which were 94.28% article research, and 5.71 were dissertations. The findings of the study showed that the most research was in the period 2016-2019, with 24 (68.57%) researches. The results of the present meta-analysis indicated that stress and diabetes interacted through cognitive, behavioral, physiological and biochemical systems and could interact bilaterally. Stress can affect self-regulation and self-control by controlling eating and diet-related behaviors in diabetic patients, resulting in lack of glycemic control and exacerbation of physical and psychological problems in these patients. Stress can also exacerbate the problems of diabetic patients with irregular sleep, inactivity and overeating. In fact, the relationship between stress and diabetes is a two-way relationship, each of which can cause the other to lose control of the situation and lead to damaging physical and psychological damage. The findings of the present study could provide psychologists, counselors, and mental health professionals with the opportunity to discuss and design appropriate treatment protocols to reduce the negative consequences of diabetes, to make more choices for the treatment of various types of cognitive impairment. and the psychology of these patients.

Children live socially from birth to adulthood, and learning is an integral part of their living. They won’t achieve the knowledge and skills for life without learning. However, childhood period is not lasting enough for learning all of the massive amounts of information and skills required for living in this world as adults and children aren’t able to acquire the whole of knowledge and skills through their first-hand experience. So, children need to learn from other’s testimony, especially from adults. But the problem is that all people around the children don’t have enough knowledge and they may provide false information, or it is possible that they want to deceive children with intentionally wrong information. Therefore, children could not trust everybody impatiently and accept all of their information without analyzing. In this article, by reviewing the earlier studies, we explain that children in all of their interactions with others trust selectively. Then, fourteen effective factors on children’s selective trust have been explained. Finally, in General Discussion, it is explained that children’s trust is not fixed and it updates all the moments by getting new information about different informants.

Infants would be able to regulate emotion and manage anxiety merely through their intimate relationship with attachment figures they are emotionally in harmony with. This capability is essential for social, emotional, cognitive, and neurobiological development of children, and moreover, their ability to cope with anxiety predicts their success in future relationships. Thus, a theoretical overview of the concept is essential for a deeper understanding of this structure. The present study examined the psychoanalysts’ perception of anxiety since Freud, i.e., when neuroscience provided new insight into psychoanalytic case formulations.