پژوهشنامه تاریخ، سیاست و رسانه
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 9، بهار 1399)

Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Husayn Mas'udi (d. 346 AH) He was born in Babylon in the second half of the third century and studied various sciences there after settling in Baghdad. There is no clear information about his life, and appearance in the sources, and we owe his story more to his two remaining books, " Muruj al-zahab wa Ma‟adin Al-jawhar" " and "Al-Tanbih wa I-Ishraf", in which the sources are described as observations, travels, Political and social issues and ... different regions of the world have dealt with that day. " Muruj al-zahab wa Ma‟adin Al-jawhar " is one of the remarkable works in the field of public history in the fourth century AH, which has a special place among Islamic public histories due to its special attention to first-hand sources, observation and examination and accurate assessment of news. In this book, Massoudi's method of historiography has been considered by Ibn Khaldun, who dates back to the 8th century AH, and some Orientalists, and has been admired for adopting this method in the fourth century AH.This article intends to study the book " Muruj al-zahab wa Ma‟adin Al-jawhar " while referring to its subject and sources in the way of Masoudi's historiography in this book.

The current demand of hypocrisy and hypocrites have very destructive and troublesome characteristics for Islamic leaders and society. Among these features: the disregard of the hypocrites for the orders of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) in order to promote the Islamic society, the excuse of the hypocrites not to participate in the campaigns and wars on which the survival of the society depends, the misinformation and the promotion of rumors to create fear of terror. Cooling the society, mocking the poor and needy Muslims who spend only for the sake of God, establishing centers to plan seditionist and disturbing plans for the peace of the Islamic society, and finally, after they were unable to carry out their plans. They decide to physically remove the leader of the Islamic community. In the text of the article, we will discuss these features in detail.

The Islamic Revolution will face destruction and annihilation without any consideration for the guardian of the society and for accompanying and persevering in obedience to him. This companionship and endurance will provide the ground for victory and divine companionship. This article has been compiled with the aim of explaining the most important danger that threatens the relationship with the Imam of the society and the strategies to deal with it from the perspective of verses and hadiths with emphasis on the defense thought of the Supreme Leader. This research has been done as a documentary-library collection and as a descriptive-analytical method. The study found that "suspicion of God and God's guardian" is the most important threat to the Imam's life, and that Islamic society must be protected from this danger. Examples of this defense in the Supreme Leader's defense thought are: eliminating the grounds for hypocrisy, strengthening faith in God, strengthening trust in God and divine victory, blowing the spirit of hope in God among Islamic society, jihad and decisive action against the hypocrites. Organize and dismantle their organizations and command centers.

Fundamentalist thinking in Iraq, due to its Shiite background, reflects a particular type of Islamic activity in Iraqi society, and this Shiite (55%) thinking against the Ba'athist regime relies on a minority (20% Sunni Arab). In the wake of Imam Khomeini's campaigns (may God bless him and grant him peace) movement, the year (1342) and his exile to Iraq on the one hand, and the development of the jurisprudential personality of Martyr Seyyed Mohammad Baqir Sadr in Najaf Ashraf, on the other hand, made him feel responsible and accountable. The intellectual and political currents of the Islamic world, especially the Iraqi society, should not be neglected. This research will answer this question using descriptive and analytical methods.

Protecting Media Reporters and preventing harm to them is always an important issue for the international legal community and governments. International law, including protocols and conventions on the subject of armed conflict between states, both in peacetime and in wartime, has always considered the legal and humanitarian rights of individuals; Internationally related to the physical or spiritual integrity of individuals and the reciprocal responsibility for it have been mentioned. Reporters' rights in war-torn areas are also covered in the media coverage of the conflict and the preparation of reports of armed conflict. Considering the above, this article seeks to examine and analyze the question of what effects and responsibilities from the perspective of journalists in the event of damage to journalists during the internal conflicts of the armed states. Will international law precede those governments? The findings of the present study indicate that the infliction of damages to journalists during internal conflicts is contrary to the norms of international law, and governments must take action to compensate and prevent damages.

Realist cinema, which is the new wave of Iranian cinema, was created in 1340, which was not unlike the new wave of French cinema. Abbas Kiarostami's close-up film is an example of this school. Close-up film refers to the moral crisis in the society, the crisis regardless of the type of cultural, economic class, etc. The director in this film considers moral collapse as a contagious disease that warns against not getting it. The purpose of this study is to analyze the sequences of Close-up film using the pattern of companionship and succession. In this study, companion analysis and succession analysis were used to analyze the film. At the level of companion analysis of the studied films, the function of each sequence is examined. The sequences together form a chain of events. But succession analysis means the search for a hidden pattern of contrast between the text and the constructor of meaning. The present study analyzes the entire story of Close-Up Film, directed by Abbas Kiarostami, as a statistical population. The sample size will not be small and the narration of the film is considered by considering the conversations in the form of plans and sequences.