International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research
Volume:1 Issue: 7, Summer 2013

This study was conducted in order to investigate the problems and solutions to improve the employment situation in agriculture sector in Karaj Payam Noor university students. Statistical population are Included all of Karaj Payam Noor University Graduate Students (N=1320). Using Cochran formula, 120 students were selected as sample. For more credits of findings, 150 questionnaires were distributed with stratified random sampling method that finally 140 questionnaires were completed and analyzed. The main research instrument was a questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α> 0.7). Data analysis was performed by SPSSwin18 software. The results showed that the most important barriers to employment in agriculture were classified in five factors:1-Lack of entrepreneurial culture, 2-Strategic barriers, 3-Strategic barriers, 4-Academic barriers, 5-Psychological barriers and 6- Educational barriers. Furthermore, the results of factor analysis classified solutions for improving employment in the agricultural sector in five factors: 1-Support, 2–Professional, 3-Communication – Institutional, 4-Education and 5 –skills

In order to better understand how to prevent enzymatic greenning, it is important to understand  kinetic properties of polyphenol oxidase.  we investigated the effect of SDS on the rate of catechol oxidation by small cherry tomato partial purified PPO. PPO activity increased with increasing SDS concentration. The most effective concentration of SDS was 0.8, 1 and 1.25 mM in according to pH and type of substrate, where the measured activity was 0.074 and 0.247 units/mg.protein at pH 6.7 and 0.159 and 0.118 unit/mg.protein at pH 8 for catechol and pyrogallol, respectively. The activation of field small cherry PPO increased linearly with the SDS concentration up to 1 – 1.5 mM and decreased thereafter. The activity of small cherry PPO was also enhanced 1.7-fold by exposure to SDS at pH 8.0 in presence of catechol, 1.8-fold by exposure to SDS at pH 8.0 in presence of pyrogallol, 2.3-fold by exposure to SDS at pH 6.7 in presence of catechol and 2.6-fold by exposure to SDS at pH 6.7 in presence of pyrogallol. Therefore sodium dodesyl sulphate is an activator of polyphenol oxidase that  can probably change latent form of enzyme to active form, so increases the activity of polyphenol oxidase

Since density is considered as one of the most important numerical indices to explain quantitative values of a plant community by affecting on many aspects and activity of ecosystem, on the other hand, awareness about plants distribution pattern in environment is an essential preparation for measurement and study of vegetative cover, therefore, in this research determination of density and distribution pattern of vegetative cover were carried out in two forest and steppe areas of Isfahan Industrial University using plots and distance methods.  The results explained that, distribution pattern of vegetative cover of forest area had a uniform distribution so that, Point quarter, Ordered distance and T-square methods had a smaller standard error respectively. In the steppe area with bulk distribution pattern, standard error was less in Point quarter, Ordered distance, T-square and plot respectively. On the other hand in forest area, density resulted from Ordered distance, T-square, plot and Point quarter methods were respectively close to the real density. While in the steppe area, density resulted from Point quarter, Ordered distance, T-square and plot methods were respectively close to the real density

Combining ability effects were estimated for different agronomic characters in line × tester crossing program comprising 21 hybrids produced by crossing 7 lines and 3 testers. Parents and hybrids differed significantly for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects, respectively. The variance due to GCA and SCA showed that gene action was predominantly additive for number of branches. This characters may further be improved through simple selection method in early generation, whereas predominance of non-additive gene action was discovered for plant height, pod per plant and seed yield which are desirable for heterosis breeding and may be exploited in hybrid seed production. Both additive and non-additive genetic constitution were important for seed per pod and thousand kernel weight. Among the 7 female lines, RGS003 revealed maximum GCA effects for seed yield, thousand kernel weight, seed per pod and number of branches. Among the testers, Option500 was desirable as it manifested higher estimates of GCA effects for seed yield and thousand kernel weight. Three cross-combiners Magent × Opera, Elect × Option500 and Shiralee × Opera were found to be the best specific crosses for seed yield

The rising human population, particularly in the developing countries, and the attendant socioeconomic effects necessitates the need for its effective regulation. This study aims at exploring the contraceptive efficacy of the fruit extract of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A Rich, a plant with wide ethnomedicinal, pharmacological and social values, in combating this public health challenge. Forty eight adult male and 48 female wistar rats were used for the study. The males, randomly selected into two groups: 30 days treatment and 30 days reversal groups; each further divided into 3 test and 1 control group of 6 animals each. Daily oral doses of 0.5, 2.0 and 10.0mg/kg body weight respectively were given to the test groups for 30 days followed by 30 days of extract withdrawal. 6 animals were sacrificed from each treatment group animals on day 31 and on day 61 for the reversal group animals. Body weight of the animals were measured at beginning of study and before each sacrifice. Fertility test was done after 30 days of extract treatment and after 30 days withdrawal while testicular and epididymal weight, testosterone as well as sperm parameters were assessed on the day of each sacrifice. Results show a reversible dose dependent negative effect in body and organ weight, sperm parameters and in fertility parameters. Therefore, xylopia aethiopica has antifertility potentials which could be explored for contraceptive purposes

In this paper the main objective is to quantify and compare the instantaneous value of heart rate for normal breathing patterns during Meditation and Non Meditation conditions. This paper involves Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique for the analysis of the heart rate variability patterns during the meditative and non meditative states. The analysis is divided into three stages i.e. data acquisition, parameter estimation and comparison. The ECG signals are used as the input signals in given states. The features are then compared using ANOVA technique for HRV patterns. The HRV parameters were found to be better during meditation

Current study was carried out with aim to evaluate the effect of pressurized irrigation methods and furrow irrigation method with municipal effluent on distribution of salinity and moisture in the soil profile. The experimental study was designed by split plot layout with three irrigation methods including furrow, surface drip (SD) irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation (SSD) and two water qualities (municipal effluent and fresh water) in a sugar beet field located in Corbal plain, Iran. Soil sampling was conducted in two sessions (prior to irrigation and after harvesting) at three depths of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm and 15 points around areas where water leaked. Variance analysis of salinity showed a significant difference (p < 0.01) between irrigation methods, also between two water qualities in terms of salinity concentration, for three sampled depths of soil. The maximum value of salinity was found at the depth of 0-20 cm in subsurface drip irrigation by 1.66 dS/m, and the minimum value of salinity was found at the depth of 20-40 cm in furrow irrigation by 0.92 dS/m. Irrigation by municipal effluent caused a higher salinity concentration in the soil compared to fresh water regardless to the amount of water. Leaching operations, reducing the irrigation period and increasing the irrigation frequency, conducting researches and promoting the use of effluent are recommended in conclusion

The principle of dimensionality reduction with PCA is the representation of the dataset ‘X’in terms of eigenvectors ei ∈ RN  of its covariance matrix. The eigenvectors oriented in the direction with the maximum variance of X in RN carry the most      relevant information of X. These eigenvectors are called principal components [8]. Assume that n images in a set are originally represented in matrix form as Ui∈ Rr ×c,  i = 1,......,n, where r and c are, repetitively, the number of rows and columns of the matrix. In vectorized representation (matrix-to-vector alignment) each Ui is a N = r × c- dimensional vector ai computed by sequentially concatenating all of the lines of the matrix Ui. To compute the Principal Components the covariance matrix of U is formed and Eigen values, with the corresponding eigenvectors, are evaluated. The Eigen vectors forms a set of linearly independent vectors, i.e., the base {φ} n i=1 which consist of a new axis system [10]

Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein with molecular weight 80 kDa iron-binding bond, which is composed of 690 amino acids. In most mammalian body fluids such as sweat, semen, tears, and saliva and milk neutrophil granules there. bovine lactoferrin gene be associated with susceptibility/resistance to mastitis and even with some economically important production traits. This study was carried out to detect polymorphism in lactoferrin gene in 85 Bufallo to 4 location khuzestan province were selected randomly. After extracting DNA, amplification of 367 bp of lactoferrin gene was performed using specific primers. In this research four SSCP pattern for AA, BB, EE and FF  lactoferrin gene in Bufallo were found in Khuzestan Province. The results showed that  lactoferrin gene  is so polymorphism in studied population. Gene frequencies for A, B, E and F alleles were 0.341, 0.259, 0.118 and 0.282  respectively. Therefore, the results confirmed that SSCP technique can be used to identify different genotypic variation in these breeds and is a useful tool for selection programs based on marker-assisted selection

In this study we estimated the allele and genotype frequencies of SCD1 and DGAT1 gene polymorphism. The analysis was conducted on 408 Holstein cows from five dairy herds in Isfahan province. Genotypes were identified using PCR-RFLP technique. Two genetic variants (A and V) of the SCD1 gene were observed in this experiment. The frequency of A-allele ranged from 0.49 to 0.66, while frequency of V-allele 0.34 to 0.51. Regards with DGAT1 gene, also two genetic variants (A and K) were determined that frequency of A-allele ranged from 0.54 to 0.68 and K-allele 0.32 to 0.46. It was found that these two genes were polymorphic in Isfahan Holstein cows, which suggested that could be associated with composition and production traits