فصلنامه پژوهش های ارتباطی
پیاپی 100 (زمستان 1398)

The main purpose of this paper is to study the needs of paying attention to media policy in public policy making. First, eight categories of factors related to the research topic were identified through comprehensive review of the research literature, and then categorized into 4 levels using interpretive structural modeling techniques. The population consisted of 20 academic specialists who were selected by purposeful sampling. The results of the research showed that the criterion of guaranteeing the rights of individuals and groups of society were at the first level; increasing media literacy, competitive market and privatization, attention to macro and strategic levels and media interactions on public policy were at the scond level; responsibility, accountability and freedom within the norms and values of society were at the third level; and the criterion of the foreseen legal system were at fourth level (the lowest level). Among the four levels, the first level criteria have the most impact on media policy making.

The purpose of the research is to identify concepts, subject areas, and approaches of local research in the field of media policy making with emphasis on television and radio policy making. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach by meta analysis. The data were collected from theses related to radio and television policy making from 12 universities and related local scientific databases. The relevance to the subject, type and year of publication was considered in selecting sources. The sample size was 87 researches (m.a. theses, ph.d. Theses, and papers). The results showed that most of the work in this field was content policy making which shows the interest of researchers in this field in IRIB. Research has also addressed the issue of ownership and extent of government involvement in policymaking in the broadcasting industry, but according to the findings, they were ignorant of audience rights (privacy, copyright, etc.) In the radio and television industry. Other issues, such as the power of content providers, were also topics that local researches did not pay attention to, despite their importance in the media policy literature.

Given that the most important issue of today's world is media competition and IRIB has always been to counter cultural aggression, psychological and media wars, the condition of IRIB requires to consider secrecy. This can improve one's satisfaction with the organization. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of rational secrecy on employee performance with mediating role of job satisfaction. The research is applied in terms of purpose and was conducted through survey. The sample size was 231 people. The results showed that the rational secrecy has a positive effect on employee performance directly with a path factor of 0.69 and with a path factor of 0.66 indirectly with a mediating role of job satisfaction. In addition, rational secrecy with path coefficient of 0.91 on job satisfaction and job satisfaction with path coefficient of 0.73 on job performance had a positive impact.

The main purpose of this study is to explain the factors affecting the ethical literacy of social media users among postgraduate students of Islamic azad university of semnan in may 2019. The research method was survey. The statistical population consisted of 1500 people over whome 306 person selected by the Morgan and Krejcie formula using cluster sampling. The findings showed that ethical literacy components namely moral potential (0.371), ethical sensitivities (0.302) and reasoning skills (0.341) had a significant and direct effect on information seeking and information redistribution behavior. Paying attention to enhancing social life concerns, social participation to promote social quality of life, developing critical thinking skills, as well as producing ethical media based on the production of healthy content with accompanying and collaborating with information science and ethics professionals can make an effective contribution to the success of institutionalizing the concept of ethics in social media and society.

Media policy-making is an important issue for media researchers. The way media policy is formulated and influenced by geographical conditions and requirements and the country's political, social and cultural issues affect the various media. The main purpose of the study is to identify key media factors in policy making for the islamic republic of iran broadcasting. The research method was qualitative (delphi and life experience) and the statistical population were media experts and specialists which were selected by purposeful and snowball way. The results showed that 64.3% of the respondents were educated in communication sciences, 3.48% were faculty members, and 96.52% had executive and organizational jobs. The analytical results showed that there were five key factors in policy making for IRIB: free market approache or legislation and regulation, understanding audience, media norms, media sphere, content-based communications, and technical-based communications.

This paper aims to discourse analysis of the concept of violence in the tv program 90 and understand its function in criticizing violence and reproducing the critical discourse of football issuesover the ecountry. The paper was conducted using the method of critical discourse analysis and the combination of approaches of Laclau and Mouffe's with Faircloughand Van Dijk.Three violence-related programs were selected through purposeful sampling to identify the discourse system of the programs, nodal point, silence, and semantic episodes of them.The findings showed that improper management, anomy, low culture, and lack of public participation were nodal points of the various discourses of the program.Also, the only stabilized and obstructed signifier of discourse is culture.Extremism, illegality, interference, lack of media responsibility, consequentialism, transgressing, lack of education, bad infrastructure, discrimination, not being pragmatic and not caring about people were considered as participants' discourse moments. These moments formed the participants’ discourse and program discourse order in an equality sequence. Finally, weak bureaucracy, ambiguity in reasoning, disregarding to people and their lives, simplifying the event, lack of serious dealing and single-factor point of view were adil ferdowsi pour’s discourse moments. In addition, on the subject of symbolic violence, while the program criticizes violence and discrimination against women and dominates male discourse, acts as an anti discourse unintentionally, and because of using the word "women soccer" becomes a tool for reproducing male dominance in football.

The examined the effectiveness of media literacy education on reducing information anxiety of Tabriz University students using quasi-experimental study with pre & post test design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all students of Tabriz University, among whom 30 students were randomly selected into two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Data was collected by the researcher-made questionnaire of information anxiety for the pre and post test. The designed curriculum was implemented in 9 sessions of 2 hours, two sessions per week, as independent variable. Finally, data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analysis by SPSS software. The results showed a significant decrease in the mean scores of the information anxiety in the experimental group compared to the control group. In general, media literacy education significantly reduced information anxiety and its components. So, it is recommended that media officials and policymakers pay more attention to media literacy education.

The purpose of this research is to study on the role of "Thinking and Media Literacy" book in promoting four dimensions of media literacy (cognitive, emotional, aesthetic and ethical) in high school students in Ardabil city. The paper is applied research and was conducted through survey. The statistical population included all the junior and Sophomore students during the academic year 2017-2018. The findings showed that "Thinking and Media Literacy" play a role in promoting media literacy and its four dimensions among students. Based on the conceptual model of research and referring to the opinions of scholars in this field we can claim that the cognitive and aesthetic dimension of media literacy is quite instructive. As such one can get skill by using the book; the skill that will definitely be effective in developing students' emotional and ethical dimension. On the other hand, institutions influencing education play an important role in promoting the aesthetic Dimension of media literacy and can promote this dimension of media literacy by utilizing their specialized knowledge and skills.

Fake news is a serious threat to a variety of public choices, including free elections, due to disruptions to the flow of information in modern and democratic societies. One of the most important ways to counter this threat is to empower users with media literacy; prosperity of fake news in any society depends on the way, how and extent of redistributing and consuming it by citizens of new media. So, it is important to examine why users consume and believe fake news. But before any planning to design a system of dealing with fake news, with media literacy approach, one has to find the right answers. This paper presents three organized themes of "User Reasons", "Fake News Reasons" and "Community Reasons" with a comprehensive analysis of the available scientific resources and in-depth interviews using thematic analysis. The findings showed that factors such as the realization of fake news and the compliance with people's logic and beliefs, mass testimony, heuristic frequency, Formation of filter bubble around users, Lack of information, increasing bias, and Decreasing the credibility of media, executive and official institutions, are among the reasons for the consumption and credibility of fake news in society.