فهرست مطالب
International Journal of Cancer Management
Volume:13 Issue: 2, Feb 2020
- تاریخ انتشار: 1399/01/25
- تعداد عناوین: 7
-
-
Page 1
Context:
The most common type of brain tumors are gliomas, among which glioblastoma multiforme is the most life-threatening. In spite of the existing treatments, malignant gliomas often do not respond to treatment.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor activity of vitamin D3 in malignant gliomas through the study of in vitro and in vivo articles.
Data Sources: The electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials (last updated April 12th, 2019) were searched, using medical subject headings (MeSH) keywords “vitamin D AND brain malignancy”.Data Extraction:
There was no limitation on the date and language of the articles. A review of all the found articles at the level of titles and abstracts was made to find eligible articles. Our work is in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of the articles was judged in accordance with the GRADE tool for in vitro studies and CIRCLEs RoB tool for in vivo studies.
ResultsTotally, 88 articles were identified and after careful examination, 16 eligible articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. These studies showed that vitamin D3 and its analogs suppress self-renewal ability, cell viability and/or cell growth, migration rate, and invasive capacity; in addition, they induce autophagy and cell death. They also reduce tumor size in animal models. Evidence was mainly of moderate to high quality.
ConclusionsBased on the in vitro and in vivo evidence of this systematic review, vitamin D3, compared to the control group, induced cell death and reduced cell growth, invasion, and migratory capacity in gliomas cell culture. As well as, vitamin D analogs were able to show the same effects without the hypercalcemic effect in vivo. We suggest performing future high-quality studies with the aim of shedding light on the relevant mechanisms and the effects of vitamin D3 derivatives and its analogs on health status and clinical outcomes in patients with malignant gliomas.
Keywords: Vitamin D3_Glioblastoma_Antitumor Activity_Vitamin D Analogs_Malignant Gliomas_1_25(OH)2D3 -
Page 2Background
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Iranian women. The treatment of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is an important issue in ongoing studies. There is controversy about the ideal treatment in available studies.
ObjectivesWe aimed at comparing the local recurrence rate and disease-free survival in patients with LABC in breast-conserving therapy (BCT) and modified radical mastectomy (MRM) groups after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
MethodsIn this cohort, we analyzed the data of patients with LABC referred to the cancer research center of Shohada-E-Tajrish Hospital. Patients were categorized into two groups of BCT and MRM. Different parameters were recorded and compared between the two groups. Endpoint outcome measures were defined as survival rate and local recurrence rate.
ResultsGenerally, 115 patients with an average age of 48.23 years in BCT and 48.76 years in the MRM group were included. Hormone consumption history showed a significant difference between the two surgery groups (P = 0.032). Twenty-one patients (18.26%) showed local recurrence. The disease-free survival rate did not differ between the two surgery groups (P = 0.250). The association of survival was only significant with cigarette smoking (P = 0.041).
ConclusionsBCT after neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed an identical disease-free survival rate compared to MRM and did not show lower survival or higher recurrence rate in comparison to radical mastectomy.
Keywords: Breast Neoplasms, Survival Analysis, Modified Radical Mastectomy, Breast-Conserving Surgery, Disease-Free Survival -
Page 3Background
Children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experience some limitations and complications because of their illness and treatment process from the onset of the diagnosis. They are also prone to some psychological problems. In previous studies, cognitive impairments were considered more than emotional and behavioral dysfunction.
ObjectivesThis study aims at determining the impact of AML on the emotional/behavioral problems and executive functions of children compared to their healthy peers.
MethodsThis case-control research was performed on 58 children with AML and central nervous system involvement with 58 healthy cases as a control group, who were between 7 and 12 years old in Mahak Hospital of Tehran, Iran. The sample size was estimated based on Morgan’s table. The child behavior checklist was used to identify emotional/behavioral problems. The Mann-Whitney test was applied for the data analysis.
ResultsThe results showed that children with AML obtained lower scores in social function (P < 0.001), activities (P < 0.05), aggressive behavior (P < 0.001), and rule-breaking behavior (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in post-traumatic stress disorder, emotional problems, general competence, general problems, and anxious/depressed behaviors. Also, compared with the control group, they obtained higher scores in attention problems (P < 0.001), thought problems (P < 0.05), social problems (P < 0.001), somatic complaints (P < 0.001), and withdrawn/depressed behaviors (P < 0.001).
ConclusionsThe results indicate that some factors associated with illness (such as anemia, hormone dysregulation, and immune system deficit) and treatment (chemotherapy) caused some behavioral, emotional, and cognitive problems in these children.
Keywords: Children, Executive Functions, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Behavioral Disorders, Emotion -
Page 4Background
Osteosarcoma; is one of the most common malignant tumors. Nowadays, because of the many side effects of cancer drugs, the usage of herbal medicine which can inhibit or eliminate cancer cells by their antioxidant compounds is increased.
ObjectivesIn the present study anticancer effect of Tilia dasystyla and Polygonatum orientale Desf different extracts on osteogenic sarcoma (Saos-2) cancer cell line was investigated and their polyphenolic compounds were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The cytotoxic effect of these extracts on Saos-2 cell line and identification of their phenolic compounds have not been reported so far.
MethodsCancer cell lines were provided from Department of Biological Sciences, Bursa University, Turkey. Different concentrations of the methanol, ethanol, and diluted water extracts (0.5 - 5 mg/mL) were tested on Saos-2 cell line. After 24, 48, and 72 hours, the cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. For the investigation of total phenolic compounds of T. dasystyla and P. orientale Desf extracts LC-MS method was applied.
ResultsAccording to the results diluted water extracts on the Saos-2 cancer cell line showed more cytotoxic effect than other solvents. The lowest IC50 value was 0.58 ± 0.01 mg/mL within 72 hours belonged to T. dasystyla water extract.
ConclusionsTilia dasystyla and Polygonatum orientale Desf extracts contain some polyphenolic compounds which showed cytotoxic effect on Saos-2 cancer cell line. The full potential of these herbal extracts is yet to be realized by further studies on animal models and subsequent trials.
Keywords: Anti-Cancer, Tilia dasystyla, Saos-2, LC-MS Polygonatum orientale Desf -
Page 5Background
Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) has become the preferred and standardized method for the early treatment of many laryngeal carcinomas, due to the good treatment results, together with the scarcity of local complications.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the advantages of TLM (diode laser) in the treatment of patients with early-stage (T1-2) glottic laryngeal cancer (GLC).
MethodsIn the present study, 228 patients, who were diagnosed with early-stage GLC between 2007 and 2013 and treated with diode TLM in our clinic, were analyzed retrospectively.
ResultsDuring the 5-year follow-up period of the patients, it was found that 5.2% of the patients had therapeutic neck dissection and 2.6% had a tracheostomy. The mean hospitalization period was 24 hours and their speech and swallowing functions were satisfactory. Eight percent of the patients developed local relapse. In addition, the 5-year disease survival 100%, disease-free survival was 92%, and laryngeal preservation was 98.7%.
ConclusionsThe TLM method is a minimally invasive treatment for early-stage GLCs and gives treatment results similar to radiotherapy and open surgery methods. However, it is more advantageous than other methods in terms of reducing hospitalization period, low complication rate, preserving speech-swallowing functions, and its re-application in cases of relapse. TLM is a safe and reliable surgical technique with less morbidity that can be repeated in selected tumor recurrence. Anterior commissure monitoring must be important in the treatment of TLM. Especially in anterior commissure, tumors with a tendency to spread in the vertical plane should be monitored for local recurrence. Diode (gallium-arsenide) 980-nm laser has advantages over the standard CO2 laser, and TLM treatment stands out in early-stage GLCs.
Keywords: Diode Laser, Transoral Endoscopic Microsurgery (TLM), Early-Stage Laryngeal Cancer -
Page 6Background
Recent studies have suggested a significant role for Caveolin-1 (CAV1) gene in the pathogenesis of breast carcinomas; however, current evidence is conflicting as some report a tumor suppression effect while others implicate this gene as a promoter of cancer development.
ObjectivesThe present study aimed to provide further evidence on this subject by comparing Caveolin-1 expression between specimens obtained from normal breast tissues, benign lesions and malignant tumors.
MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, subjects with specimens resected from their breast tissues for various reasons in Shohadaye-Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran during 2013 were included as the sample population. A total of 100 subjects participated in this survey (53 invasive breast cancer, 26 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), 13 ductal hyperplasia, and 8 normal). Their tissue specimens were prepared and immunohistochemical studies were performed to assess the expression of Caveolin-1, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR). Correlations between these factors and the survival of patients were assessed using SPSS software.
ResultsEpithelial Caveolin-1 expression was found to have a positive significant correlation with pathology group of the patients (P = 0.039), grade of the tumor (P = 0.032), and lymph node positivity (P = 0.046). A negative correlation was also observed between epithelial Caveolin-1 positivity with HER2 score (P = 0.036) and HER2 positivity (P = 0.012). The overall survival of the patients was negatively affected by epithelial Caveolin-1 expression (28.3 vs. 38.9 months; P = 0.001), grade of the tumor (P < 0.001), and lymph node involvement (34.1 vs. 40.5; P = 0.051), while ER (39.7 vs. 28.9; P = 0.001) and PR (39.6 vs. 31.0; P = 0.010) positivity were associated with improved survival.
ConclusionsAccording to the findings, it seems that Caveolin-1 expression might be associated with worse outcomes in patients with breast cancer.
Keywords: Breast Cancer, Estrogen Receptor, Caveolin-1, Progesterone Receptor, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 -
Page 7Introduction
Fusarium species are hyaline saprophytic fungi that are frequently found in the soil, air, and water. They can cause severe systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. Clinical manifestations depend on the way of entry of the mold and host immune system status. The main ways of entrance are the airways, skin, and mucosal membranes. Disseminated fusariosis often occurs in patients with hematological disorders, patients with cancer, and solid organ transplant recipients.
Case PresentationHerein we report a case of Fusarium fungemia in a patient with adrenocortical carcinoma from Isfahan, Iran. The patient was a 41-year-old female with stage III adrenal cortical carcinoma. Despite antifungal therapy with liposomal amphotericin B, the patient passed away 6 days after admission. Internal transcribed spacer region sequencing applied for species identification and its sequence deposited in the GenBank (accession number: MK880379).
ConclusionsSince the ideal strategies against invasive fungal infections remain uncertain and the mortality rate is high, we recommend primary prophylaxis with a broad-spectrum antifungal agent for vulnerable patients particularly those admitted to high-risk units such as oncology, hematology, and transplant units.
Keywords: Isfahan, Fungemia, Fusarium solani, Adrenocortical Carcinoma, ITS-Sequensing