نشریه طلوع بهداشت
سال هجدهم شماره 6 (پیاپی 78، بهمن و اسفند 1398)

Today, quality of life and its influential factors are among the most important challenges of urban life. Knowing the factors affecting the quality of life and the effort to promote these indices is necessary. In this research, social ecological components have been attempted to address the quality of life of people in Malekan City, Iran.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted using two questionnaires: the 26-item Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Social Ecological Components Questionnaire developed by the researcher. The multistage sampling method was conducted. In the first stage, the clusters were counted and in the next stage, stratified sampling was performed. Questionnaires were completed in three months. After completing the questionnaires, data were entered into SPSS and statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA.

The results showed that age and gender had no relationship with access to social ecological components. However, they were significantly correlated with occupation and education variables (p = 0.0001). Regression analysis revealed that quality of life had a significant relationship between satisfaction with social components and access to these components (P = 0.0001). In other words, more access to social ecological components improved the individuals' quality of life.

According to the findings, it can be concluded that higher levels of access to social ecological components enhanced the people's quality of life. The ability to improve socioeconomic components improved the individuals' quality of life.

With regard to high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the construction industry workers, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and their relevant risk factors in workers of a construction factory.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. In this regard, 150 workers were selected from a construction factory located in Tehran City, Iran. The census sampling method was applied in the area under study. The data gathering tool were Cornell questionnaire and WERA ergonomic risk assessment method. The questionnaires were completed while the workers' postures were assessed in their work stations. Data were analyzed applying suitable descriptive and analytical tests in SPSS software version 22.

The analysis of questionnaires showed that the workers' lower back had the highest average score of pain. The wrist, knee, and shoulder had the highest pain average scores, respectively. The result of ergonomic assessment by WERA method indicated that the lower back had the highest risk score. Similarly, WERA assessment score was significantly related to the type of job (p-value < 0.001). Among the understudy occupations, masonry, concrete testing, and welding had the highest risk scores, respectively.

The most ergonomic risk factors in activities of the extensive occupational groups are associated with multiple occupational tasks that endanger workers for serious risk factors in the lumbar and knee areas. Therefore, implementation of ergonomic interventions is necessary for improving the working conditions of construction occupations.

Health literacy includes special knowledge and social skills in pregnant women to diagnose prenatal risk factors, healthy lifestyle, and proper nutrition during pregnancy. Health literacy affects the outcome of pregnancy by improving the quality of prenatal health care. The aim of this study was to investigate the health literacy in women referring to health centers in Yazd City of Iran in 2017.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 390 new mothers who referred to health centers of Yazd City selected by multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected by Maternal Health Literacy. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed in previous studies. Data were analyzed by SPSS21 software using T-test and ANOVA.

The results showed that the mean score of health literacy was 54.67±9.85. The results also indicated that maternal health literacy had a significant relationship with educational level, knowledge of pre-pregnancy weight, and history of disease during pregnancy.

The health literacy of new mothers was fairly favorable in this study. Health policymakers should simplify the required training for pregnant and lactating women to minimize the various factors that affect their health literacy.

Noise is one of the most important pollutants in worksites. Hospitals are imposed to noise pollution.  Considering lack of research in Sari educational hospitals and applicability of noise control by engineering controls and education, we proposed this research to evaluate the sound pressure level (SPL) in three educational hospitals of Sari, Iran.

In a descriptive-analytical study, the SPL of three hospitals was evaluated using sound level meter (model; CACELLA CELL-490, made in England). The evaluation was performed in 1.5 meter height, in three shifts, and in three days of the week. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic methods and SPSS software version 24.  For assessing the rate of effective factors, the GEE (Generalized estimating Equation) methods were used.

According to the results, the mean SPL was 63.30 ± 7.33 dB and a significant difference was observed between the mean SPL and the standard (35 dB) (p <0.001). Moreover, the highest mean of sound in hospitals was observed in Fatemeh Al-Zahra Hospital. Considering the week days, Saturday and among shifts, the night shift had the highest mean SPL.

The findings showed that SPL was higher than the Iranian National Construction Regulations and World Health Organization (WHO) standards in all evaluated places. So, the noise control programs should be considered seriously.

Bullying is a kind of low-level violence that has recently attracted the attention of researchers and psychologists in the field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the modeling of structural relationships between Alexithymia and bullying with the role of mediator of students' adaptationin students.

Methods:

 Correlational research based on structural equation modeling technique, in particular regression equations (combining path analysis and factor analysis Second level). The statistical population consisted of all female students of the Humanities Department of Payame Noor University of Sari in the academic year of 2018-19. In this research, 401 students were selected as a sample by multistage cluster random sampling. Data gathering tools were Patchin and Hendowjah's Bullying Questionnaire (2011), Emergency Neural Network (1994), Baker and Siriac compatibility (1984).

Resulth: 

The findings showed that the research model was confirmed and in general, 36 percent of students' bullying could be explained by student Alexithymia and student adaptation. Also, Alexithymia and student adaptation variables have a direct direct effect on students 'bullying. Emotional neural pathology has an indirect effect on students' bullying, with regard to student interpersonal mediation.

The results of this study emphasized the importance of Alexithymia with regard to the quality of student compatibility., which can provide practical implications for reducing the level of bullying to counselors and psychologists, and considering the findings of the study can be used to reduce the incidence rate. Bullying among students has led to increased levels of academic compatibility as well as identification and correction of students' Alexithymia.

Today, use of knowledge management components can be changed by altering the nurses' organizational culture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of knowledge management with organizational culture of nurses working in teaching hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive correlational study was conducted over all nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2016.  The population size was estimated as 85. The data collection tools included two questionnaires. Organizational culture questionnaire of Quinn model and knowledge management questionnaire of Lawson model. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.

The analysis showed that the components of knowledge management was associated with all aspects of organizational culture. The correlation between knowledge management and organizational culture was 0.4-0.7. the significant level was set at p≤ 0.005.

The nurses' knowledge management was significantly correlated with organizational culture and all its components. By programming in dimensions of organizational culture, nurses' interactions within the organization can be improved so that knowledge management can be institutionalized as a superior advantage in the educational centers.

The contemporary psychology is looking for numerous mediators and risk factors that may exacerbate the marital relationship with regard to the consequences of disordered eating patterns in general and sexual satisfaction in particular. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of body image concern in the relationship between disordered eating patterns and sexual self-esteem in married women.

The participants of this study were 213 married women who referred to the nutrition department of Kazerun City in 2019 and were selected by available sampling method. To collect data, Eating Attitudes Test (Garner & Garfinkel, 1979), Body Image Concern Inventory (Littleton et al., 2005), and Sexual Self-Esteem Inventory for Women (Zeanah, Schwarz, 1996) were used.

The results of structural equation modeling indicated that the three subscales of disordered eating patterns were directly associated with sexual self-esteem. Of the above-mentioned patterns, only the "overeating and food preoccupation" pattern affected sexual self-esteem indirectly by mediating of body image concern (β= -0.14, P< 0.01). Therefore, it can be argued that overeating and food preoccupation reduced the sexual self-esteem in married women by increasing the body image concern.  

Overall, the results of this study indicated the importance of simultaneous attention to disordered diets and body image concern for predicting sexual self-esteem in married women.

The medical device industry plays a special role in promoting the health and safety of the community. Its proper and optimal management can also significantly affect the national development of any country in terms of economics, health, medical education, and research. The present study attempted to evaluate the impact of environmental aspects of the medical device manufacturing unit on the environmental quality of the project by examining the impact of activities, production process, equipment, services, and the coefficient of action.

This descriptive-analytic study was conducted with a practical purpose. To identify the environmental aspects in the process of producing oxygenators, infectious waste disinfection device, and autoclave system, the EFMEA method, severity of the environmental consequence, probability of its occurrence, and probability of its discovery were applied using the Fuzzy AHP method.

The results showed that the RPN was at its highest value of 160 before the control measures. This was due to the excessive energy consumption and air pollutant emission, which reached 40 after taking the control measures. In the process of manufacturing the above-mentioned apparatus, it was found that the welding activity in the production process of normal weight oxygenator was 0.223. The staining activity in the production process of wastes disinfection device with a normal weight of 0.216 and  thewelding activity in the autoclave production process with a normal weight of 0.187 had the highest environmental priority.

According to the results, environmental aspects differ in various devices and we cannot generalize the results by periodization of one device.the environmental consequences, the probability of occurrence and the probability of its discovery by the process of analytical fluidization process (FAHP) has been used.

The process of producing metal scrap, energy consumption, noise generation, pollutant increase in soil, climate, and the result of pollution, the RPN number before the control measures was at the highest value of 160, due to excess energy consumption and The release of airborne pollutants was 40, after control measures. In order to rank the manufacturing process of these machines, it was determined that the welding activity in the production process of an oxygenating machine with a normal weight of 231/0, the staining activity in the process of producing a freezer device with a normal weight of 216/0 and welding activity in the autoclave production process with a normal weight of 187/0 Have the highest environmental priority.

According to the results, the environmental aspects differ in different devices, and one can not prioritize one of these devices to generalize the results for another.