مجله فنآوری زیستی در کشاورزی
سال هفدهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1397)

Propagation of seedless grape varieties by artificial seeds is important. In order to evaluate the effect of grape cultivars and medium on somatic embryogenesis and artificial seed production, an experiment was carried out based on completely randomized as a factorial design. Leaf explants of four grape varieties were cultured on 1/2 MS medium in four different levels of plant growth regulators. Results showed a statistically significant difference (1%) between the cultivars and levels of growth regulators for somatic embryogenesis. However, their interaction was not significant. The [3.8 mg/l TDZ + 0.2 mg/l NAA] composition showed the highest embryogenesis (65%). In addition, we investigated the effect of two combinations of artificial seed hydrogel capsules [(1/2 macro-elements of B5 medium and micro-elements of MS medium and 1st capsulation medium) and (macro-elements of B5 medium and micro-elements of MS medium and 2nd capsulation medium)] and four grape cultivars on artificial seed germination. Results showed that there were significant differences between grape cultivars (p<0.05) and capsulation media (p<0.01). Crimson Seedless cultivar had the highest artificial seed germination (65%) in 2nd capsulation medium. Mean comparison indicated that artificial seed germination in the 1st capsulation medium was more (52.62%) than 2nd capsulation medium (20.62%).

Mulberry is an Iranian native tree valuable in terms of nutritional and green space. In order to optimization the mulberry propagation through seed in vitro condition, three experiments on the basis of completely randomized design in five replications was performed in Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The first experiment consist of two treatments of darkness and light conditions (16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness), the second experiment consist of different concentrations of sucrose (0, 15, 20 and 30g/l), and the third experiment was consist of different concentrations the titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 1mg.L-1) with 15g/l sucrose under 16 hours photoperiod using MS medium. The results of first experiment showed that putting up the mulberry seeds exposure to 16 hours photoperiod had the better effect on germination indices. The results of the second experiment showed that adding sucrose in 15 g/l concentration to medium, promoted germination percentage and rate, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and shoot length indices. For the third experiment it was appeared that treatment with 0.4mg.L-1 titanium dioxide nanoparticles had the best effect compared to other concentrations. According to the results, for optimum germination of mulberry seeds in vitro condition, it is recommended that using MS medium contain 0.4mg.L-1 titanium oxide nanoparticles and 15g/l sucrose under 16 hours photoperiod.

This study was performed to investigate genetic variation of growth hormone gene and association analysis on important traits in Khalkhali dairy goats. PCR-SSCP method and Sanger sequencing were used for genotyping. In total, four different Polymorphic SSCP patterns were detected in the amplified region that leads to identify 5 mutations in exon 4 of growth hormone gene. In total we observed four haplotypes that were related to the polymorphic patterns. The frequency of haplotypes I, II, III and IV were 0.24, 0.46, 0.17 and 0.13, respectively. The results showed significant effect of   haplotypes on milk yield, milk fat and protein percentage of Khalkhali goat (p<0.05), but there is no association with milk lactose and solid matter percentage (p<0.05). Variations observed in this study made effective difference in litter size. Animals with haplotype II showed the most litter size with 2.159 kids in average and haplotype IV has the lowest with 1.40 kids per animal. The results of this study indicated that haplotype II (for litter size) and haplotypes IV, II, I (for milk yield and milk composition) could be considered as a marker in marker-assisted selection for improving the traits in khalkhali goats.

Phosphor is one of the most important element in wheat. It has crucial role in yield production and transfer energy process. Therefore, supplying of phosphors in order to yield consistency is necessarily. In order to investigate the effect of using phosphor and nitrogen fertilizer on Ta-PHR1 and Ta-PHO2 gene expiration as well as yield and related traits, experiment carried out by using factorial split plot format in randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plot was included factorial combination of two level of nitrogen fertilizer (0 and 150kg/ha) and two level of phosphor fertilizer (0 and 100kg/ha), sub plot was included four wheat genotypes (Morvarid variety and N80-19, T-67-60, T-65-7-1 promising lines). The yield and related traits were measured at final stage of maturity and gene expression was assessed at grain filing stage. The results showed the most yield and most related traits (distance between node, spike length, shoot length, fertile tiller number, total tiller number, seed number, seed diameter, seed length, 1000 seed weight) were reached at using both nitrogen and phosphor treatment. Also, Morvarid variety and N80-19 line have more yield in both combined treatment (using both nitrogen and phosphor fertilizer) and in control condition (using no fertilizer). The most gene expression of Ta-PHR1 was assessed on Morvarid variety and T-65-7-1 line respectively. Also, usage of fertilizer had positive and significant effect on all studied traits except seed diameter.

Trichoderma reesei is one of the most important fungi producing cellulose degrading enzymes in nature. In this study, 21 mutated isolate via gamma irradiation of T. reesei were screened for cellulase enzyme production on a colloidal cellulose medium. The concentration of extracellular proteins of wild and mutant isolates were measured using Bradford's method. Avicel, carboxymethyl cellulose and filter paper were used to measure cellulase activity. The purity and composition of enzyme-rich proteins were also evaluated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) test. The highest amount of extracellular protein production was observed in T. r M7 and T. r M17 isolates. Activity of endoglucanase, exoglucanase and total cellulase enzymes in mutated isolate T. r M8 showed the highest levels of enzymatic activity among mutant and wild isolates. The difference in the molecular weight of the enzyme bands showed that the EG 4, Cel 1A, Cel 12A, Cel 45A, Cel 3A, Cel 7A, Cel 6A, Cel 5A and Cel 61A enzymes hydrolyzed the colloidal cellulose, synergictly. These results indicate that, mutation induced by gamma radiation is possible to obtain high producing Trichoderma mutants of cellulase enzymes.

In this study Kochia scoparia, a halophyte and dicotyledonous was used as a source to gene isolation. First, using primers designed in conserved regions of this gene in plants of the same family, an approximate length of 1605 nucleotides and a sequence of 535 amino acids from the encoding sequence of this gene were identified and sequenced. Using BLAST analysis, the similarity rate of this sequence with 87%- 90% -87% homology at nucleotide level, and 98%- 99% homology at amino acid level with NHX genes of Chenopodiaceae family was determined. Analyses on protein characterization and its relationship with other proteins were conducted through bioinformatics studies. Based on the presence of second protein structures, it has been found that in the studied polypeptide, there are 11 alpha spirals in the region passing through the membrane, and the amino acids of the water-defect characteristic are located in the membrane passage region, while the carboxylic terminal with fewer alpha helix and high hydrophilic property can be introduced as the cytoplasmic region of the protein of interest. These results verified the role of sodium efflux for resistance response to salinity in Kochia using plasma membrane transporters.

Due to importance of poaceae plants in Zagros zone, these crops allocated frequent cultivated crops in most fields of this area. Among different microorganisms, Fusarium species are one of the important pathogens in these crops. During 2015-2016, to determine Fusarium species associated with root and crown of poaceae crops in Lorestan province, crop and non-crop plants in cereal fields and rangelands of Lorestan were collected. Sampling was conducted from plants with crown and root rot symptoms or with color changing of this area, and desired agent was isolated by selective media. Isolates were identified by morphology and identification keys, and sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer. In this study, 13 Fusarium species were identified as follows: F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. ensiforme, F. falciforme, F. fujikuroi, F. longipes, F. nygamai, F. proliferatum, F. reticulatum, F. scirpi, F. solani, and F. tricinctum. Results showed that F. proliferatum is most frequent in this province. F. ensiforme is reported for the first time from Iran and it is new for Iran flora. Also this is the first report of F. falciforme from wheat root in Iran.