مجله طب پیشگیری
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 16، پاییز و زمستان 1398)

Shift-working is one of the most important problems among the nurses and co-exposure to noise can worsen this problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shift working and noise exposure on blood pressure of nurses in hospitals in the south of Iran in 2019.
 

In this cross sectional and descriptive-analytical study all 350 nurses from three hospitals in the south of Fars province were enrolled and using a researcher made questionnaire necessary data including occupational data, number of day and night shifts per week, demographic characteristics, and nurses' life habits were collected. Noise pressure level, noise frequency analysis at the workstations, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured before and after the work shift. SPSS software version 19 was used to evaluate the relationship between these variables.

The mean noise pressure level in the Nurses' workstations before and after shift work was 51.67 and 69.27 dB, respectively. The highest equivalent noise pressure level was observed for nurses working in the delivery ward (mean: 64.33 dB-A). The average systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the nurses before and after the work shift was 104/ 66 and 109/ 70 mmHg, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the number of night shifts per week in studied nurses were 1.49 ± 1.29. The results showed that increasing the level of noise and the number of night shifts per week increases the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the nurses (R2 = 0.79 and 0.86, respectively).

Noise emitted from different sources in hospitals and simultaneous shift working aggravates cardiovascular disorders in nurses. Therefore, managerial and engineering interventions are needed to prevent adverse effects of noise and shift working.

House dust mites have been shown to be strongly associated with allergic respiratory diseases such as, bronchial asthma and rhinitis. The aim of this study was to determine environmental factors associated with house dust mites in residential buildings of Qeshm County.

In this descriptive analytical study, dust mite samples were collected from carpets and floors of homes using a vacuum cleaner and transferred to the laboratory. The samples were boiled and cleared in 85% lactic acid. Specimens were individually mounted on a microscope slide and identified to species by identification keys. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and chi-square test.

A total of 2951 house dust mites were collected. The collected mites were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (33.17%), D. evansi (27.9%), D. farinae (21.02%), D. simplex (14.29%), and D. Siboney (4.43%). The most prevalent mite species was Dermatophagoide petronysinus and collected from all studied areas. In this study, 86.4% of the residential places were contaminated with house dust mites and the mean density of mites in per gram of dust was 2.61± 0.47 mites. In addition, a significant relationship was found between the mean density of mites in per gram of dust and the temperature of the residential places, relative humidity in residential areas, the floor coverings, and the family size (P<0.05).This study revealed that house dust mites in Qeshm city have high diversity and distribution. Since these mite species are incriminated as the cause of respiratory, asthma, and allergic diseases, a comprehensive program in health education should be implemented, to increase the public awareness and prevent the contamination of residential places by house dust mites.

Animal bite is an important threat to human population’s health. The present study aimed to evaluate five-years incidence of animal bites in humans in Khorramshahr County from 2013 to 2017.

In this descriptive-analytical study, data were collected using checklists form cases that suffered from animal bite and referred to health services centers. The study population were the animal bite patients who referred to health services centers during 2013 to 2019. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 18. The chi-square and Student t-tests were used to analyze the relationship among the data and variables.

The total number of reported animal bites was 733, out of which 69% were men. The majority of cases (83.5%) were bitten by dogs. The lower limbs injuries (49.7%) were significantly higher than other sites. About 71.8% of bitten cases lived in urban areas. In addition, the most animal bites (19.6%) occurred in the 30-39 year-old age groups. Most of the victims were students (31.4%). Animal bites were more common in spring (27%). Significant differences were observed in the frequency of bites in terms of the type of the animals as biter, gender, age group, month, and occupation in different years (P-Value<0.05 (.

Based on our findings, animal bite is more abundant in students, young men, and residents of the urban areas. Moreover, dog bite accounts for 83.5% of animal bites. These findings shows the necessity for education programs to promote the knowledge of the at-risk people.

Malaria Elimination Program Has Launched with the Technical Support from The World Health Organization Since 2007 in Iran. In Order to Achieve The Elimination of Malaria, All Positive Cases Should Be Diagnosed and Treated Promptly, Especially Asymptomatic and Low Parasitic cases. This Study Was Conducted to Determine The Effectiveness of The Molecular Method in The Detection of Asymptomatic Malaria Cases towards the successful Malaria Elimination Program in Iran.

In This Descriptive-analytical Study, 210 Samples Were Randomly Collected from Residents of High Risk malarious Areas of Hormozgan Province. The Rate of Asymptomatic Plasmodium Infection Was Evaluated Using Microscopic, RDT, and Nested-PCR Techniques (using18 ssrRNA).

According to The Results, No Positive Asymptomatic Cases Were Observed with The Microscopic and RDT Methods, But by Using The Molecular Method, Three Positive Cases (1.4%) Were Detected.

The Results of This Study Showed That The sensitivity of molecular methods to detect asymptomatic parasitic reserviors is higher than other diagnostic methods and Nested-PCR is a good technique for detecting asymptomatic cases of malaria, therefore Use of a Sensitive Molecular Techniques With Wicroscopic and RDT Methods Is Necessary for The Detection of Asymptomatic Malaria Cases.

This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating human errors among nurses in three hospital wards including emergency, emergency delivery, and cardiac care wards in one of the hospitals of Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences to eliminate or reduce the human errors of nurses and promote the health and safety of patients through recognition of potential.and obvious human errors.

The present applied and cross-sectional study was conducted among all 54 nurses in three wards of a hospital. The data were collected using direct observation of the activities of nurses and supervisors in each ward. After hierarchical analysis of the tasks, human errors were identified and evaluated using standardized plant analysis risk-human (SPAR-H) technique and the worksheets were completed. In the last step, the level of risk was evaluated using the probability and severity of the error.

Injection of blood products has the highest percentage of human errors (74.3%) in the emergency ward. The highest percentages of human errors in the cardiac care unit ere related to duties such as giving injectable drugs (74.3%), blood and its products transfusion (74.3%), and announcement of code and initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (67.8%). Higher probability of human errors in the emergency ward were observed in the receiving drug orders (32.8%) and completing the drug orders (57.1%) which are the main tasks of nurses in this ward. In the delivery emergency ward, blood transfusion had the highest percentage of human errors (74.3%).

The main identified human errors in this study were drug errors, errors related to the transfusion of blood products, and the maintenance of equipment and data storage errors. The main cause of these errors are shortage of time, irregular working shifts, and the limitations and defects in experience and education.

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers and it is still the leading cause of death from cancer among women. This study was conducted to determine the effect of educational intervention based on empowerment on breast cancer screening in 35 to 55 years old women in Gonabad city in 2014.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study conducted in 2014 in Gonabad city. The participants were 60 women aged 35-55 years that randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 30). The interventional education based on empowerment was conducted for the experimental group. Data were collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire, before and 2 months after the intervention. Using SPPS version 20, the collected data were analyzed by T- test, chi square, and McNemar's test.

Before intervention, there were no significant differences between intervention and control group in empowerment components and breast cancer screening procedures. After the intervention, there were significant differences between the two group in empowerment components including awareness (P-Value=0.044), attitude (P-Value=0.001), self-steam (P-Value=0.048), and self-efficacy (P-Value=0.002) and breast cancer screening methods including clinical breast examination (P-Value=0/018), breast self-examination (P-Value=0/015), and mammography (P-Value=0/027).

According to our results, implementing educational interventions based on empowerment in women would be effective on performing breast cancer screening.

Introduction Food safety and health have an important role in protecting human health and preventing diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the Students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding healthy and safe food in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences.

The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 220 students at Hormozgan University of medical sciences who were selected through the simple randomized sampling method. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire comprised of items concerning demographic information, evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and practice of the students regarding healthy and safe food. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver.19 software and appropriate statistical methods.

The results showed that 8.2% of the subjects had a high level of knowledge, 75% had an average-level of knowledge, and 16.8% had a low level of knowledge. Moreover, 6.8% of the students had a negative attitude, whereas 73.6% had a neutral and 19.5% had a positive attitude towards safe and healthy food. The practice score was low in 11.8% of cases while it was average in 60.9% of the students and high in 27.3% of them. A statistically significant difference was found between gender and attitude (P-Value=0.002) and practice (P-Value <0.001). Moreover, in terms of knowledge, attitude, and practice, a significant difference was observed among the students of different faculties (P-Value˂.05). knowledge showed to be correlated with educational level (P-Value<0.001) and passing the nutrition course (P-Value=.038)

According to the results of this study and the observed significant relationship between knowledge and educational level and passing educational courses related to food safety, implementing appropriate educational interventions can be effective in promoting knowledge and changing attitudes, and improving students' practice regarding the healthy and safe food.

students are human resources and creators of future and their academic success is one of the main goals of the training programs. Among the factors that affect the academic success are academic achievement and burnout. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between academic burnout and achievement in nursing students of Kerman university of medical sciences.

This descriptive correlational study was conducted on all 161 nursing students of Kerman university of medical sciences. Academic burnout was determined by a questionnaire and the average of the scores of the students was used to measure the academic achievement. The results were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, independent T-test and one way ANOVA using SPSS ver. 19.

In this study, 95.7% of the participants were 24-19 years old, that 62.7% were female and 37.3% were male. The study showed that the mean of the scores of academic burnout was 41.56±8.65 and the mean of the scores of Academic Achievement was 16/11±1/37. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed a reverse and significant correlation between academic achievement and academic burnout (r=0.24, P-Value = 0.002)

According to the findings of the study, planning of courses should be performed with the aim of reducing the academic burnout which in turn promotes the academic achievement.