Preventive Care in Nursing & Midwifery Journal
Volume:9 Issue: 1, Spring 2019

There is no substitute to mother breastfeeding; on the one hand, mothers need all-out support, especially in the first days after delivery, which is one of the effective factors for women’s success in breastfeeding.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between social support and early termination of breastfeeding.

This retrospective study examined the degree of social support for mothers embarking on early termination of breastfeeding. It covered a group of 235 individuals (150 individuals in the control group and 85 in the experimental group) as its participants. The data were collected through three separate questionnaires: The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, the demographic questionnaire and the researcher-made questionnaire of evaluation of breastfeeding. The T-test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square and logistic regression tests were used for analysis by SPSS 16.

The results revealed that compared to mothers in the experimental group, unwanted pregnancies (p=0.001) and caesarian section deliveries (p=0.007) were significantly more observed in the control group mothers. Those characterized by termination of breastfeeding received (about 22 times) weaker social support compared to the breastfeeding mothers (p<0.001, OR~22). Furthermore, the first breastfeeding upon birth was less (about 0.211 times) observed among the experimental group mothers than the group of mothers characterized by breastfeeding (p=0.006, OR~0.211).

Husband encouragement and support and high social support are highly effective in successful breastfeeding and in this line, all-out support for mother, including support by family and society, seem very necessary.

Application of technology for education accounts for an important aspect of expansion of the information technology in the present century.

This study aims to examine the degree of readiness of the faculty member of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences for e-Teaching.

This descriptive-cross-sectional study focused on the degree of readiness of 70 faculty member of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2014. It followed the simple randomized sampling method. The readiness of faculty member was assessed from five dimensions, including organizational support, perceived value, and time commitment, working skill, access to computer, internet and attitude towards e-Teaching, using a standard questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics indices, Pearson correlation coefficient and Logistic Regression Model at 95% confidence interval.

The university faculty member were in adequate level of readiness in terms of organizational support (46.4%), positive attitude towards e-Teaching (49.3%); the skill of work with computer (49.3%), time commitment (44.9%), access to computer (49.3%) and positive perceived value (45.6%). The predictive variables of the university faculty member’ readiness were appropriate in terms of organizational support, access to computer and in term of, perceived value, age and gender of the university faculty member in term of, perceived time obligation, skill in work with computer and organizational support.

The results showed that readiness of the the faculty member of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences for e-Teaching was in a relatively appropriate level. Expanson of the technological infrastructure, holding empowerment workshops in order for improvement of the required skill and changing attitude of the university faculty member for e-Teaching are suggested

Moral courage is an important criterion in nursing for moral care. Enormous moral challenges facing students of nursing in their clinical environment require being morally courageous.

The aim of this study is to explore factors concerning nursing students’ moral courage.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Zanjan 2018, focusing on 208 nursing students who were selected based on convenience sampling method and time series Poisson distribution. The criteria for the sampling was the students undergoing practical training for at least three semesters and were willing to take part in this study. To collect the data, the Professional Moral Courage Scale by Sekerka et al. (2009) was used. The questionnaire evaluates moral courage on five dimensions, including moral agency, multiple values, endurance of threats, going beyond compliance, and moral goals. The range of scores was 15-105. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.

Nursing students’ mean score of moral courage was 85±12.66, which showed a favorable level. The highest mean score was related to `Moral agency’ (85±12.66) followed by `Going beyond compliance’ (17.48±3.05) and the least mean score was related to `Moral goals’ (16.09±3.39). The findings of this study showed that `Moral courage’ was significantly higher among those with high average and among the natives (p=0.05).

Since the mean score of moral courage increased in proportion to average and nativity, the educational officials and advisors are recommended to pay attention to keeping moral courage in a favorable level and try to raise students’ educational ability, trying to admit nursing students in their own cities

Pregnancy and delivery are considered as pleasant physiological phenomena. This period, however, sometimes leads to variable mood states in women and makes them more sensitive to psychological stimuli and problems.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of breastfeeding, type of delivery, contraceptive method, planned pregnancy, and history of infertility on the anxiety level of Iranian women who referred to health centers in Zanjan in the postpartum period.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 women who attended the health care centers in Zanjan city, Iran, during 2018-2019. A checklist including questions about demographic and reproductive information and Beck anxiety inventory were used as the data collection instruments. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software through regression analysis.

This study found that the history of infertility (β=0.26, t=9.38, p<0.001), unplanned pregnancies (β=0.23, t=-7.00, p<0.001), exclusive breastfeeding (β=-0.47, t=-17.40, p<0.001), mothers’ education (β=-0.08, t=-2.89, p<0.001), DMPA (β=0.23, t=6.62, p<0.001), and withdrawal (β=0.17, t=4.59, p<0.001) contraception method were associated with anxiety level.

The results of the present study indicate that factors such as breastfeeding, contraceptive methods, infertility history, unplanned pregnancy, and educational level influence women's anxiety level in postpartum period. Identifying and screening women with high levels of anxiety and providing proper counseling to these mothers can help improve their health, infants, families, and community

Health Information Technology (HIT) has the potential for improving the quality, safety, and efficiency of healthcare and nurses are the largest group of HIT users.

Therefore, the present study mainly aimed to investigate the use of HIT by nurses in healthcare.

This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted in four educational and treatment centers of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2019. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed by experts’ approval and Cronbach’s test (0.84). Eventually, the data were analyzed by R and Rstudio statistical Software, and Chi-square test was used to examine the relationship between the variables.

The most commonly used HITs among nurses were the hospital information system (100%), picture archiving and communication system (83.2%), as well as tele-nursing (76%) and mobile-health (64.9%). However, none of the nurses used a radio frequency identification system (0%) in nursing care.

The findings of this study revealed that although the application of HITs presents potential benefits in improving healthcare quality, their features are not used completely in nursing care

The main task of health managers is to select and hire efficient personnel and to retain them.

It is therefore necessary for managers to be aware of the status of their staffs. Due to the lack of access to information about nurses' retention rate in Iran, the researchers intended to design this study and perform it in public and private hospitals in Isfahan.

This is a retrospective study based on information available in the past five years. In this study, in coordination with the competent authorities by completing a pre-prepared form, the necessary information was collected to measure the retention rate of nurses in public and private hospitals and the retention rate of nurses were calculated and reported.

The study showed that during the five years in 15 hospitals, in Isfahan form 2013-2017 totally 902 nurses had left their work in five years (89% women and 11% men), the majority of nurses were female (89%), the highest leaving was in 2013 (229 individuals) and the lowest leaving was in 2017 (125 individuals). Most of the departures in public hospitals were related to Completion of national academic obligations (58%), retirement (23.4%), sickness absenteeism and maternity leave (20.2%), resignation (16.4%). and extrusion (3%). Most of the departures in private hospitals were due to resignation (31.2%), sickness absenteeism and maternity leave (15.4%), retirement (8.2%), and extrusion (0.4%). Also, the maximum retention in public centers was (95.8%) and the minimum was in private hospitals (76%). Nurses' retention rate was increased from 2013 to 2017.

Overall, the results of this study showed the large number of resignations in non-governmental centers indicate that nursing managers in these centers need to pay more attention to increasing job satisfaction and safety of nurses.

Childbearing behavior refers to a family decision-making process among couples.

The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the determinants of decision-making process in the first childbearing of the couples.

The present narrative review study was conducted from 2000 to November 2017. We searched English and Persian articles on the databases of Request, CINAHL, Ovid, PubMed, and Medline using free-text words such as “related factor” and “time of the first child” and the keywords including “decision making”, “childbearing”, “factor influencing child bearing”, and “couples”. The inclusion criteria were the quantities studies regarding the determinants of decision-making process in the first childbearing or various related dimensions.

The findings revealed four effective categories including individual, familiar, economic, and social factors. Each of these categories contained a wide range of age, age of marriage, quality of life, marital satisfaction, couples compromise, occupation, family income, educational level, and social support, which may overlap with each other probably due to the complexity of reasons for delayed childbearing.

Various factors may affect the process of family decision-making for the first childbearing among couples. Healthcare providers and policymakers should adopt an appropriate strategy to improve the socioeconomic and familial status of the couples to help them reach the desired number of children at a right time.

Job promotion is one of the most important issues in nursing profession.

Although, it is more than one hundred years since the beginning of modern nursing education in Iran, numerous challenges still exist in professional promotion of clinical nurses. Barriers and facilitators of job promotion are important factors that should be considered for the individual development of nurses and efficiency increase of healthcare organizations. This study aims to identify and present factors influencing, barriers and facilitators of nursing job promotion in Iran.

This qualitative study was conducted in 2017 using individual semi-structured interviews with twenty-two experts in health and nursing management. The data were analyzed using content analysis based on Graneheim and Lundman method. The main questions of the interview included the following: “How is nursing job promotion done in your organization?” and “What are the barriers and facilitators of job promotion for nurses?”

The findings were categorized into six themes and ten categories. Facilitators for job promotion among nurses included: development of an atmosphere for mutual growth and excellence, lifelong training program, exploring professional identity in healthcare team & society and fair compensation for the services, salaries and benefits. Meanwhile, wrong cultural beliefs and barriers, ineffectiveness organizational regulations were some barriers of nursing job promotion.

Nurses’ motivation is fluctuating due to empowering factors and barriers. Health systems certainly can institutionalize and perform nursing job promotion solutions through short and long-term planning on job promotion (such as compensation for the services, encouragement for nurses, organizational culture improvement, atmosphere change in society and organizational).