Journal of Chemical Reviews
Volume:2 Issue: 2, Winter 2020

Anticancer drugs play important roles in cancer treatment. However, these drugs have many disadvantages such as poor solubility, high toxicity, and serious side effects like hair loss, nausea and vomiting, anemia etc. To overcome these drawbacks, many attempts have been made to develop novel controlled drug delivery systems. They can encapsulate the drug and release it to the cancer site without leaking into other sites. The employment of multi-responsive hydrogels as a drug delivery system have some advantages over other drug delivery systems due to their ease of preparation, high efficiency, high-water content, tunable physical, and biological properties. The most advantages of these hydrogels is the volume phase transitions in their cross-linked three-dimensional networks as exposure to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, pressure, electric field, magnetic field and light. There has been research on other drug delivery systems which can respond to changes in pH and temperature for targeted drug release. Among those,gels have been studied mostly for their dual responsiveness. This provides an update on progress of gel based dual pH and temperature responsive drug delivery systems. Various systems under these categories for targeted and controlled delivery of different classes of drugs such as ant diabetic and antibiotic drugs with special emphasis on anticancer drugs are discussed in this review.

Organic pollutants are the largest kind of pollutants released into waters and wastewater from the some industry and industrial processes. Photocatalytic degradation is one of the significant and effective methods to remove the dyes and other organic pollutant from water and wastewater. This mini-review presents the application of zinc ferrites and ZnFe2O4-based composites in the photocatalytic degradation of organic dye. The zinc ferrite nanomaterials are obtained mainly by thermal methods, sol-gel, co-precipitation, and solid-state or hydrothermal route. Zinc Ferrites have good photocatalytic activity, but when exploited as composite photocatalysts, their photocatalytic efficiency were increased. AS a critical magnetic material, the ZnFe2O4 spinel structure has been proven to be useful in removal dye, ZnFe2O4 have photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. However, it is possible to improve the efficiency of photocatalysis activity of ZnFe2O4 by coupling it with another semiconductor or coupling it with carbon nanotubes and graphene, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performance.

Plant-mediated synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles has been increasingly drawing attention due to its eco-friendly nature and cost effectiveness. The biosynthesis technique engages plant secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, proteins, carbohydrates, glycosides, quinine, steroids, and tannins as reducers and/or stabilizers in the process of forming nanoparticles thereby replacing hazardous chemicals known with physical and chemical methods of nanomaterial synthesis. Biosynthesis method of nano particles has helped to a great extent to overcome some drawbacks, such as high energy and space requirement as well as high cost and hazard associated with various known physical and chemical methods. This work reviewed the biosynthesis of plant mediated iron oxide nanoparticles and their applications in water and wastewater treatment. Much work has been done to explore the effective, safe and cheap method for the dye removal in recent years. However, in future, more methods need to be explored to study and check the removal of dyes from wastewater using plant-mediated iron oxide nanoparticles for safer, cheaper and more efficient performance.

Titanium dioxide is an important metal oxide semiconductor (MOSs) used in many electronic applications, the most famous of which are gas sensor applications. This review discusses the techniques used for preparing the TiO2 thin films and the effect of the crystalline phases in which this compound forms, on the gas sensing properties. There are three phases to crystallize titanium dioxides, brookite, anatase, and rutile phase. Amongst these varied phases of crystal, the greatest steady main phase is rutile. The phase of anatase and brookite are usually more stable than the rutile phase as the surface energy of them is less than that of the rutile. Therefore, the applications of sensing by anatase TiO2 and rutile TiO2 were fully studied. TiO2 characterizations were established on surface reactions using oxidizing or reducing gases, which; therefore, influences the conductivity of the film. Titanium dioxide gas sensors have healthier steadiness and sensitivity at high temperature compared with that of the other metal oxides. Surveys on titanium dioxide thin film applied in gas sensor devices used in a varied range of applications such as sensor devices, dye-sensitized solar cells, and catalysis. The gas sensor is a function of the crystal structure, particle size, morphology, and the method of synthesis. In this work, characteristic of the titanium dioxide films investigated using various techniques, as reported by many researchers. The aim of this study was to review previous studies through which the best properties can obtained to manufacture TiO2 gas sensor thin films with high sensitivity.

One of the most important parts in choosing a well completion is to study the geological and reservoir structure of the well where the well is located. For instance, if the reservoir material is of a carbonate type, it can be consolidated into an open cavity. If the material of the reservoir where the well is located is sandstone, the first step to take is to determine the rock mechanics properties of the reservoir. In this study, while introducing and presenting a variety of complementary methods, the effects of various variables such as GOR, PI, reservoir pressure and wellhead flowing pressure, water cut, WCT percentages, and choke size reducing on the natural flow rate of the well were investigated.