Journal of Chemical Reviews
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Winter 2019

Spectrometric techniques for the analysis of trace Cadmium have developed rapidly due to the increasing need for accurate measurements at extremely low levels of this element in diverse matrices. This review covers separation and preconcentration procedures, and consider the features of the their application with several spectrometric techniques. The use of an appropriate sample handling technique is a must in an analysis of trace Cadmium in water. The efforts to use a solid phase for the recovery of analytes from a water matrix prior to their detection have a long history. The initial experimental applications of SPE resulted in widespread use of this technique in current water analysis and also to adoption of SPE into standardized analytical methods. Cadmium is recognized worldwide as a poisonous metal. Thus, the determination of this element is often required in environmental, biological, food and geological samples. However, these analyses are difficult because such samples contain relatively low concentrations of Cadmium, which fall below the detection limit of conventional analytical techniques such as flame atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Several preconcentration procedures to determine Cadmium have therefore been devised, involving separation techniques such as liquid–liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, coprecipitation and cloud point extraction. Review of preconcentration procedures for determining Cadmium using spectroanalytical techniques. A brief overview of the history of the use of SPE in trace Cadmium analysis of water is given in presented paper.

Conducting polymers (CPs) have been gathering a great interest in academia and industry by providing the opportunity of combining the electrical properties of a semiconductor and metals with the traditional advantages of conventional polymers such as easy and low cost preparation and fabrication. In this review we examined the conducting polymers-based composites for supercapacitor and batteries, such as conducting polymer-based binary, ternary, and quaternary composites. For their applications in energy storage field, we critically review the development of their applications and the general design rules for energy storage devices including supercapacitors, lithium and other -ions batteries, and their current limitations and future potential to advance energy storage technologies. It is expected that this review will help to improve the knowledge about this conducting polymer and consequently lead to new research fields.

Boron sulfonic acid (BSA) plays an important role in the improvement of many organic reaction conditions as a solid acid catalyst, which dramatically has attracted the attention of many chemists. This review covers all highlight research of literatures in the last decade from 2008 to 2018.

Congestive heart disease is one of the main causes of death in the globe, affecting more than 1% of the world population. Various remedial agents are used for the treatment of cardiac diseases such as inotropics and vasodilators. Sympathomimetic drugs play an important role, but they unfortunately undergo severely from oral ineffectiveness and tachyphylaxis due to receptor desensitization. Recently, several cardiac phasphodiestrase-III (PDE-III) inhibitors have been developed with improved ventricular performance and exercise tolerances. Theoretically, PDE-inhibitors combine positive inotropy and vasodilation (known as zinodilator) action and these exceptional features make them very attractive. Various pyridazine drugs act as selective PDE-III inhibitor and characterized by a positive inotropic effect combined with vasodilatory effects. The pyridazine is an important heterocyclic structure with various biologically active compounds with diverse pharmacological activities. Pyridazine hold considerable interest relative to the physiologically active cardiac compounds such as Ca+2 sensitizing and PDE-III inhibitor activity. However, some pyridazine compounds have been reported as effective agents in the treatment of several cardiovascular diseases including, acute and chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, angina, arrhythmia, and hypertension. Pyridazinone nucleus has focus attention because of new pyridazinone compounds will design and development of novel Ca+2 sensitizing and PDE-III inhibitors as cardio tonic agents in future.

In this work, some pyridazinones were studied for their cardioactive activity. These compounds showed significant cardio-active action with respect to the regular used drugs. However, it was found that the existence of the pyridazine ring is a crucial necessity in the structure of these pyridazinonecompounds to show the improved cardioactive activities. It was also understood that the substitution of the different group on the pyridazinone ring with other related bioisosteres or isosteres along with the existence of pyridazine ring may provide better cardioactive compounds. Pyridazinoneis, a component of various cardio-active agents, which are in uses clinically or in clinical trials. These contain pimobendan, indolidan, levosimendan, imazodan, CI-930, meribendan, bemoradan, senazodan, siguazodan, amipizone, prinoxodan, Y-590, SK&F-93741, SKF 95654, NSP-805, NSP-804 and KF 15232. This study briefly reviews the pyridazinone ring for the progress of new cardio-active drugs.