نشریه آینه پژوهش
سال سی‌ام شماره 6 (پیاپی 180، بهمن و اسفند 1398)

The present article is a historical and bibliographical search on Sheikh al-Tā›efe Muhammad bin Hassan Tusi›s biography, beliefs and theological writings. This article first deals with the important events of Sheikh Tusi›s life and introduces his professors as well as his students. Following this, sheikh Tusi›s treatises, books, and the importance of each one are briefly described. Determining the outlines of Sheikh Tusi›s theological thoughts is another topic that the authors have spoken about, and emphasized on Sheikh Tusi›s pursuit of his master›s school of thought, Sharif Morteza. The third part of the article gives an overview of Sheikh Tusi›s treatise known as Muqaddamat fi al-Madkhal ela <Sina›at> Elm al-Kalam, scribed by the Imami scholar Najib al-Din Abulqāsem Abd al-Rahmān bin Ali (582 AH), which has been unknown up to now.

There are two basic ways to find out how to correctly pronounce some ancient words that are no longer used in language today: One is getting help from meter and rhyme in poetic texts; and the other is referring to other Iranian languages that are still alive and have speakers in different parts of Iran and the world. Understanding the meter and rhyme helps one read the texts correctly and pronounce the words accurately; and knowledge of other Iranian languages can make the audience aware of the many phonetic, syntactic, and semantic variations of Persian language throughout history. The present article seeks to show what the correct pronunciation of the word «Tekal» or «Takal» has been in the past, using the meter and rhyme as well as the help of the Kurdish language.

In the forthcoming article, the author is going to introduce the book the Story of the Words (Analyzing two hundred and thirty words and terms), by Behruz Safarzāde, which was published in 1398 by Bahār publication. After briefly acquainting the reader with the contents of the book, he has begun to criticize some of the explanations contained in the book such as the ones presented in the entries of Boz-e Akhfash (Akhfash›s goat), Vajeha-ye pāchekhār (flattering words), tofang (gun), Rowze khāni va medād (Rowze khāni and pencil).

Ᾱref Qazvini›s poems, tasnifs, notes, and letters have had many readers since Constitutional Era; however, during his life time, and especially after his death, his published works were disorganized, misrepresented, distorted, and even lacked some parts. This was mostly done intentionally due to several reasons such as removing his caustic comments, censoring his attacks on two branches of religious and political tyranny as well as on his contemporary fellows, his publishers› ideological differences, and sometimes the inability to read his manuscripts which has made his writings so distorted and meaningless. In recent years, two collections of Ᾱref›s correspondences with his friends titled Ᾱref-e Qazvini›s Letters (Negāh Publication, 1391; and Hermes publication, 1396). A thorough examination of the texts of these books and comparing them with Ᾱref›s manuscripts or the original sources has revealed many errors in these publications, the deliberate and ideological elimination of some parts of his letters by Negāh publication, and the significant errors made by Hermes Publication in Ᾱref›s new-found letters.

Translated by: Narges Beheshti Abstract: There are numerous rijāl books which either talk about the hadiths narrators› classes, ancestry, and the date of death or criticize and praises them. Al-jarh wa al-ta›dil (criticism and praise) books are also divided into different types, some are only dealing with thiqa (trustworthy) narrators, some with weak and unreliable ones, and some with both groups. Two of the important books on this subject are Bukhari›s Great History and Ibn Abi Hātam›s al-Jarh wa al-Ta›dil. Some have accused Ibn Abi Hātam of having access to Bukhari›s Great History and attributing it to himself; therefore, his book›s arrangement and order of its chapters are the same as Bukhari›s, and in many translations it does not have anything new to add. In the present paper, the author makes an attempt to carry out a comparative study of these two books to reveal how Ibn Abi Hātam used Bukhari›s Great History in writing of his book. Regarding this, he begins by introducing Great History, its author›s purpose, and the extent to which this intention is fulfilled, then he goes on to talk about Bukhari›s method as well as the importance and privileges of his book. Next, he introduces al-Jarh wa al-Ta›dil and discusses the purpose of its compilation, the extent to which it is fulfilled, and the importance of the book. Finally, he concludes this paper with a comparative study of the mentioned books, and provides some examples of the topics which have been discussed by Bukhari but not mentioned by Ibn Abi Hātam.

The corpus No. 17238, available in the library of Iran Parliament, is known as Zinat al-Majālis and contains 369 frames (730 pages) of the good Safavid wars. Like most of the other corpus, it includes many poems of different poets, some treatises, and short literary texts in the body and margins. In addition, there are a number of decrees as well as several historical reports that are important to clarify some points in Iranian history. The original edition of this corpus has probably been provided by a person from the Bayaāt tribe, around 1107 to 1134 near Khorasan especially in Neyshabur. For this reason, the commands it contains are often from King Sultan Hussein and mainly related to Khorasan and Herat areas. There are also some sensitive historical reports from the last fifteen years of the Safavid era about the uprisings of Khorasan that are interesting. The author gives an overview of the corpus and its contents in the forthcoming report, and provides some historical notes as well as some commands from the Safavid kings.

Jabr wa Ikhtiyār (Determinism and Free Will), a treatise written by Khāje Nasīr al-Din al-Tusi (death: 672 AH), is a rationalist approach to the question of whether or not humans are free and is considered as one of the most valuable philosophical-theological works of Shia. This brief treatise has so far been published in a number of different formats that will be discussed in this article. The latest edition of this treatise, based on its lithographic printing and the late Modarres Razavi›s correction, has recently been published by Majma› Zakhāer-e Islami publication. Introducing and reviewing this edition is the main focus of the present article. In a general assessment, this edition is an inaccurate and weak version of Tusi›s work since it includes various types of problems.

The Library of Imam Alī’s Shrine (Maktaba al-Rawḍa al-Ḥaydariyya) in Najaf has one of the richest treasury of the Qur’ān and tafsir manuscripts. In this article, the author briefly talks about some of the Qur’ān manuscripts and fragments which originally belonged to this library, but have been stolen in last decades. These materials are now kept with certain inventory numbers in some of the museums of the world. To this end, he mentions three manuscripts of the Qur’ān which were all copied by Iranian scribes in Iranian Kufic style during the 5th and 6th centuries.

Since religious scholars and jurisprudents have paid more attention to the jurisprudential hadiths and ahkam of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), and have thematically written and arranged these hadiths while when it comes to ma›arif hadiths, some works have been done in general and not in details, it felt kind of necessary to thematically categorize and elaborate ma›arif hadiths. Therefore, a collection has been compiled on the hadiths of the Four Books (that is the most original Shiite hadith book). The Encyclopedia of Ahl al-Bayt›s Ma›arif contains all the ma›arif hadiths which are in the Four Books, and it is arranged and presented in 12 volumes which include over forty thousand titles in the areas of ideology, ethics, and the philosophy of jurisprudence and ethics.

The following paper is an overview of the author's trip to Germany in November 1398 to attend the conference of «The Possibilities of the Historical Reconstruction of the Qur’anic Revelation» at Munster University in the west of Germany.