مجله آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت ایران
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، بهار 1399)

Population aging and urbanization are two global trends that together form one of the challenges of the 21st century. The purpose of this study was to the concept of age friendly city and its indicators.The findings of the study were classified into three areas of the history of the age friendly city, the definition of the age friendly city, the age friendly city indicators and Programs, and the content of each of the Indicators.The findings of this study can be considered as the basis for designing elderly friendly cities in order to improve the quality of life of the elderly and promote active aging. In this regard, it is necessary to pay special attention to the appropriateness of the criteria with the cultural and social conditions in Iran.

the purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy as a cognitive factor in the relationship between pain sensation and long-term suffering.

 This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all patients with chronic pain with Rheumatoid Arthritis referring to  11clinics and private and governmental centers specialized in chronic pain in Tehran and Karaj in a specified time interval (Between  Nov2015 and May 2016). 399 patients(257 women and 142 men) were selected via accessible sampling. The sensory pain index of the McGill pain scale, the Pain Discomfort Scale (PDS) and the Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM).

 The results showed that pain sensation and Self-efficacy are considered as good predictors of long-term suffering. Based on the findings of the structural equation modeling, there are significant and a positive causal relationship between pain sensation, self-efficacy and long-term suffering and the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between pain sensation and long-term suffering has been confirmed (P<0.05).

 The result of this research, In addition to conceiving long-term suffering, It can be helpful in identifying one of the cognitive-emotional factors of long-term suffering, providing more adaptive strategies for people with in prevention and treatment and health promotion.

Sleep are among the basic human needs and play a key role in memory, learning processes, and the educational performance of children and adolescents. The present study aimed to determine the effect of combined Training Program on sleep Hygiene of girl students.

In this Quasi-experimental, 100 female primary school students in Arak were randomly assigned to two groups of intervention (50 people) and control (50 people). The data collection tool was a questionnaire on children’s sleep habits that was completed by mothers and the higher score was the sign of sleep disorders. Educational intervention was conducted on the basis of predetermined goals and needs assessment was conducted via social network for mothers and students’ education was performed via games and entertainment. Three months after the intervention, the questionnaires were completed again and the data were analyzed.

In the intervention group, the score of sleep habits was significantly improved as to before the intervention (before: 53.22±5.44, after 45.24±14.4, p<0.001); however, there was no significant difference in the control group. The significant difference was observed in the subscales of resistance to bedtime, sleep duration, night waking, parasomnia and daytime sleepiness, but there was no significant difference in anxiety, respiratory disorder and sleep latency as to before the intervention.

The present study showed that using social network for maternal education and using games and entertainment for students’ education are effective and improve students’ sleep Hygiene.

The use of organic food products is a new way of thinking about food, health and nature. The attitude of consumers towards organic products and the factors affecting the consumption of these products is essential for further development and production, and the improvement of the quality of these products. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the effective factors on the attitude and intention of purchasing organic food consumers.

In this cross-sectional study, 384 people who were referred to 4 centers of organic products in Tehran were selected by systematic random sampling. The research data were collected based on a questionnaire based on constructs of attitude model towards organic products and consumers intentions and behavior purchase after determining the validity and reliability of questionnaire. Analysis and testing of research hypotheses were done using the SPSS version 22 and Amos version 23.

According to the results of the present study, consumer perception of price (β= 0.67) and subjective norm (β= 0.43) have the most influence on consumers' attitude towards organic food. Also, availability, health awareness and knowledge of organic food respectively by quantity of (β= 0.26), (β= 0.15), (β= 0.14) affect the attitude of consumers towards organic food, also this attitude has a positive and significant effect on consumers' intent and behavior of purchase. R2 was calculated for the consumers' intent and behavior of purchase variables 0.42 and 0.53 and 0.89 for attitude.

Due to the direct effect of organic nutritional knowledge on consumers' attitude, intent and behavior, it is recommended that companies producing these products make extensive promotions in the field of awareness of the community about these products and their benefits.

School organizational culture is one of the most effective assets in promoting school goals and programs and implementing health-oriented programs is one of the important demands of the family along with the education of the students. The purpose of this study was to explain the dimensions of school-based health programs that are instrumental in the development of school organizational culture.

In this mix method study, focusing on phenomenological studies was used to gain a deep understanding of the situation under study from the school's ecosystem information. Data were obtained from structured interviews with 30 school principals and staff in the area of  health programs and school organizational culture, observations and assessment checklists. Based on the systematic coding method, the main categories were obtained. After obtaining the selected codes, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed. Its validity and reliability were confirmed by test-retest and Its Cronbach's alpha test was 0.794. Then, a sample of 1329 stakeholders was Surveyed into 5 groups (students, teachers, staff, parents).

The results, while endorsing the categories by the stakeholders, showed that health-based programs are effective in developing school organizational culture through strengthening participatory culture, organizational learning, empowering and strengthening citizenship culture.

The essence of health-oriented programs is a cultural program, both based on knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors in identifying the future lives of students and the community. These influential programs in the area of school organizational culture that need for health of their audiences, as an effective tool for school success, should be the focus by educational planners and leadership.

Studies of variables related to the levels of student physical activity can provide an active lifestyle throughout their lives. Thus, this study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the socio-cultural environment in physical activity of students of Iranian University of Medical Sciences.

This study was a qualitative content analysis with a deductive-inductive approach. Participants were 23 individuals (20 males and 3 females) of physical activity experts and 16 students (7 females and 9 males) who reached theoretical saturation with 21 interviews with professors and 2 focal sessions with students. Samples (experts) were selected based on the snowball sampling method and the students were randomly assigned to the focal sessions. The interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner and the data were analyzed at the same time as the data were collected and manually analyzed.

In the study of social factors related to physical activity, 3 main categories, the role of family and friends, with subcategories (accompaniment, role modeling, facilitator, instrumental and direct support), coaches and expert support (communication support, support Competence and independence, reinforcing social morality, and normative and cultural barriers (cultural gender rules and stereotypes and gender differences) were extracted.

The identified variables of research are important in the realization of student physical activity behavior and help relevant organizations such as the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, universities and other related areas to plan health promotion and create a healthy lifestyle for students.

Healthy breakfast and snacks have important role to student thought and body health. The aim of this study was to survey the Behavior And perceptions of mothers about the benefits and barriers of preparation of healthy breakfast and snacks for school children.

Descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2017. 315 elementary school boys and girls selected by cluster random sampling and their mothers were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected using by questionnaires that included demographic characteristics, questions related perceived benefits, perceived barriers and behavior. Questionnaires Validity were assessed in two ways face and content validity. Test-retest method and internal consistency were used for questionnaires reliability. Data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 16 software and using T-tests and ANOVA.  

The significant difference between the perceived benefits of mothers and their employment status (p<0.001) but no significant relationship between mothers' perceived interests with other demographic variables (P>0.05). There was a significant difference between mothers' behavior with age (P-value <0.041) and spouse's education (P-value<0.000) and the most crucial perceived barriers among mothers for preparing healthy breakfast and snacks were hurry, not having enough income and time, breakfast as a boring (P<0.001).

According to the results of the study, it is better to planning and designing educational interventions to solve children's nutritional problems should be done to reduce perceived barriers of mothers.

«Tobacco-Free Tehran Programme» was implemented by the Municipality of Tehran with the aim of creating a city-free by building awareness and sensitivity to the dangers of tobacco use. The researcher has analyzed the role of Tehranian citizens' participation in the realization of the «Tobacco-Free Tehran Programme».

The present has been conducted by survey method and questionnaire technique among 384 persons of citizens participating in tobacco control prevention programs in a tobacco-free week in 22 districts of Tehran municipality by convenience sampling method.

Findings showed that 14.8% had complete knowledge about Tehran city without tobacco plan, 30.7% had sporadic information about this plan and 41.9% had no information about it. The results of the one-sample t-test showed that the level of citizen's knowledge and participation in the «Tobacco-Free Tehran Programme» was low. Also, participation rate of non-smokers, women, older age groups and married people was higher than the others, but the participation of different educational and occupational groups was the same.

Findings implies that Tobacco-Free Tehran Programme has failed to achieve its intended objectives in the past few years in the field of tobacco control, and one of the main reasons for this has been the lack or weakness of public participation.