نشریه شهر ایمن
پیاپی 5 (بهار 1398)

Various methods and methods of providing temporary housing for homeless people after recent disasters in Iran due to non-compliance with the conditions of the disaster area are not effective in practice. One of the issues of concern today is the lack of open spaces available in times of crisis. So that there is no necessary proportion between the level of built space, the building density and the open space usable in times of crisis. The central courtyard of many of our country’s historic mosques is now covered by light ceilings, often with poor detail, inappropriate performance, and Nazi views due to the granting of new functions or the expansion of communal spaces. This descriptive-analytical research method tries to provide a model for post-crisis temporary accommodation planning by integrating modern structural systems and using the mosque’s outdoor space and finally the most appropriate one provided a temporary housing arrangement for the affected. Therefore, after defining the basic concepts, the effective criteria for designing each system are prioritized by the AHP method. Finally, templates for temporary cladding designs are provided for the central courtyard of the mosques based on preference criteria

paradigm of sustainability, to be mentioned as a great problem and attract the public attention. One of the most important concepts about this topic is the Social Sustainability. The general interests to this subject -that turning to a new wave in contemporary architecture in the world- required a critical review for upgrade the topic of sustainability. The social sustainability in the architectural scale, pay attention to structural space, which plays an important role, to forming human s behaviors. If the structural space has a meaning concept, its lead to an special case, that mixed with human s norms and values, called Place. So, the quality s components, that represents social sustainability, and this components effects to upgrade the structural space, and conform with conceptual atmosphere, are known as the characteristics of the place’s social sustainability. This means that the social sustainability is as a location capability for overcoming to the challenges; problems and optimal reactions to the exterior changes by creating social movement, social correlation, radical capacity building, location dependency and in general, is to upgrade the quality of the place. The high education s role, as a most important institute to science progress and human education in this topic is inevitable and researches shows the relationship between educational quality and the human s interaction with the environment. Also the quality of education depends on the educational environment. So having the parameters of social sustainability of the place in the educational space, is a basic factor to upgrade the quality of the place. This research, was limited to the Department of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz and sampling was performed in two fundamental combinational procedures: random and deliberate. The results of this research shows that the social sustainability of place is influenced by a variety of factors which in general, there are to supply the needs of the servers; and these factors are dependent on each other and in order to supply them, all factors are required. In addition, the results reveal that resolving physiological needs and the need for safety and security, was in prior importance for the students, compared with to the resolution of needs for dependence and aesthetic issues were in second place importance.

Some places, such as airports, train stations, stadiums and etcetera be propitious to crowd formation. The existence of such sites is acutely interested in the development of technologies to improve the security and comfort of those places for governments, managers, researchers, designers and other professionals. One of these new technologies is the computer-based population simulation that has been developed based on a variety of models. Researches show that evacuation models can be effectively used to study moving strategies and building safety issues. Understanding evacuation models allows engineers to design better places and also to figure out the best way to guide people when choosing an evacuation route. The suitability of evacuation models is related to their flexibility in displaying different output components and complex behavioral patterns of occupants. By using a documentary study in this fundamental research were identified six basic modeling approaches including regression, fluid-dynamic, rule-based, social force, cellular automata, and agent-based models and these models were divided into three levels of microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic based on their focus on the level of individual and social behaviors. Then, by computer simulation, the phenomenon of congestion was compared at three levels and in three different scenarios. Finally, using the content analysis method, the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches were discussed. The results indicate that selecting the appropriate model with the behavioral characteristics of the study in planning and studying the evacuation of the population is great importance. Therefore, based on the behavioral levels and objectives of the study, a suitable evacuation model has been proposed. Using the results of this research can be useful for choosing the appropriate model for population evacuation by researchers, managers, planners and designers of architecture and urban planning

Water has a sacred, vital, and strategic importance in Iran and the development of Iranian regions and cities. The Caspian Sea is an important strategic resource for Iran and the Caspian region. Intervention in the natural system in the form of projects and projects such as the construction of a water transfer facility from the sea to water and drainage cities, in addition to economic and administrative costs, has led to the reproduction of numerous environmental and safety issues with Time will pass. Analysis of the water lines transfer from the Caspian Sea to Semnan province, due to the new role of the province in the field facilities of the country and taking part in the demographic and economic densities of the region, from different dimensions of environmental, economic, international, political, technical and … with an overactive defense approach, is necessary. The plan considers threats and vulnerabilities related to environmental, economic, political and international consequences, disturbances in the transmission network, air strikes, water pollution in sensitive coastal areas, forests, Alborz mountains, Kavisermann It is also recommended to have a water treatment plant.

As metropolitan areas expanding and the size of modern cities increasing, Landuse must covering needs of inhabitants by observing space hierarchy. Trans- regional landuse, due to their significant role at the city level, require a specific survey at the location and also their impact on the lives of the citizens’ living environments must be taken into the account.The purpose of this study is evaluating the role of Trans-regional landuses on the quality of life of deteriorated residential environments. datas was collected by gauging through the residential areas of the deteriorated texture of the 12th district of Tehran city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey analyzed by SPSS and LISREL 8.80 softwares. The sample size was 384 using Cochran formula and the questionnaire was distributed among them. In this study, a meta-regional index as an independent variable and four indicators of quality of life (social, economic, environmental, and physical) as an independent variable were evaluated to obtain the correct analysis. The results of the research indicated that there is a meaningful and direct relationship between the components of quality of life and the trans-regional landuse. Using the structural model in the research showed that the cause and effect relationships between the trans-original landuse and the quality of life indicators were correct. It is concluded that measuring the quality of life status and satisfaction of the components of trans-regional landuse, from the trans-regional landuse and quality of life in residential area in the 12th district was not sarisfactory. Finally, it can be concluded that transregional landuse have a direct impact on all aspects of the quality of life in residential environments

In this research, the structural relation of environmental order with urban space security is investigated by mediating the sense of belonging and attachment to the location in the form of a causal model. The present research is a correlational one and is carried out using structural relations modeling techniques. It has also been used to measure the relationship among the sample community from field studies (questionnaire technician). The results of the research indicate that the model is fit for fitting with the research data, and the environmental order, sense of belonging and attachment to the place directly predict the security of urban and social space of citizens. Also, the space order, with the sense of belonging and attachment to space, predicts the security of space indirectly and more strongly than the direct path. In the meantime, the direct route of environment order to the sense of belonging to the place; and the order of the environment was also significant in attachment to the place. These results indicate that not only is the environmental order predicting the security of urban and social space of citizens, but can also be more than the level of security in urban space through the sense of belonging and attachment to the place.

Urban resiliency used for ability of urban system in temporal and spatial scale for protection and fast return to past desirable operation against disruption(water crisis)toward sustainability with change. Moreover decrease of aquifer level and use overdose with attention to raining decrease and becoming increasingly population facing human with crisis that need attention to urban resiliency idea against water shortage As the result in this research the goals survey Tehran urban resiliency in water shortage in the direction home expenditure and to drink and also water pollution with Nitrate .In this research after explanatory and define concepts related to urban resiliency and the formation environment crisis in cities and especially in water crisis and then explain crisis situation in Tehran city and with use of question nary between people and research literature survey situation of Tehran resiliency against water crisis .The result show that Tehran citizenship from viewpoint of knowledge to indexes of join and social cooperation ,institutional knowledge and accessibly data is in middle .

he water supply network is considered to be the vital artery of every society and country and is always placed in a suitable target in the battles. In the theory of insertion, the astronomical installations are considered as key products in the second ring of the theory. Therefore, the continued operation of water facilities for each country and society is vital. Various models have been used to assess the vulnerability of this network. Graph method is also one of the mathematical methods that helps communities to calculate the reliability of a water network when confronted with crises. The purpose of this study was to analyze network vulnerability using graph theory. Therefore, parameters such as centrality, node degree and clustering coefficient, which are important parameters in graph theory, were selected and analyzed for selected water supply network in Tehran as a case study. The result of this study was that centrality and degree of nodes are directly related to the vulnerability of the water network. This means that by increasing the centrality and degree of node in a network, the vulnerability of that network will increase. Also, clustering coefficient has an inverse relationship with the degree of vulnerability in the network, and with increasing clustering, the network vulnerability decreases

Iran is one of the natural disaster-prone countries due to its geographical location. The use of the traditional construction system in the residential building, before and after the natural disaster has caused a lot of financial losses and increase in the death toll. Buildings with durable structures, in order to provide safety for residents, are one of the essential requirements of a safe city. One of the essential requirements of a safe city is to have buildings with strong structures to provide safety for residents. Therefore, it is necessary to identify structural systems with minimum risk of damage in disasters and less time to build in the post-disaster for reconstruction and settlement. Pre-fabrication is one of the solutions that, despite the advantages and influential role in the post-disaster settlement, is still not common in Iran. The research aims to provide measurable evidence of the benefits of this technology in post-disaster settlement to speed up stakeholders’ decision-making process and encourage their investment in pre-fabrication. Negin Pardis Residential buildings have been selected as a case study. The criteria have been defined, confirmed and screened by the Delphi method, then the criteria weighted using the AHP method, and the VIKOR method has been used for ordering the options. After analysing the three alternatives in the construction systems, two groups of concrete and compound semi-prefabricated buildings were identified as the preferred system for post-disaster productivity and settlement.