فصلنامه روانشناسی
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 93، بهار 1399)

This study aims to analyze students’ perceptions of the characteristics and actions of elementary school teachers that affects student teacher relationship. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used to achieve deep description of these characteristics. Semi-structured interviews, in oral and written format, were conducted with 99 primary school students studying in second to sixth grade (66 girls and 33 boys) who were selected from elementary schools in Shiraz. According to the findings of this study, autonomy support against control, competence, mastery goal support, care, engagement, mutual trust, and support for the class structure are the main themes of the teacher characteristics and functions that affect student teacher relationship. Implication of the findings in interventional plans for teacher-student interaction improvement is discussed in the end.

The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of loving in relationship between personality characteristics and marital satisfaction among married individuals in Mashhad. This study was a descriptive-correlational study. In this study, 344 married individuals in Mashhad, were selected through available sampling and they completed Love Attitude Scale (LAS), NEO-Five Factor Inventory (FFI) and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation, stepwise regression analysis and path analysis were used to analyze the data through SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that there were significant correlations between personality characteristics and, eros, ludos, Storge, Pragma and Agape loving styles with marital satisfaction (p<0/01). Regression analysis also showed that eros style, neuroticism, Pragma style, ludos styles, agreeableness and extraversion predicted 34 percent variances of marital satisfaction. Results also revealed the mediating effect of eros, Pragma and ludos love styles on the relationship between neuroticism and extraversion with marital satisfaction (p<0/05). According to the findings, marital satisfaction is influenced by loving styles and personality characteristics.

The aim of the current research is to determine the difference between resilience and coping strategies among volunteers and soldiers who participated in the war against ISIS. The research method was descriptive and causal-comparative. The population of interest in this study was all Kurdish volunteers and soldiers in all three provinces of Halabja, Sulaimaniyah and Erbil of Iraqi Kurdistan who participated in the war against ISIS. The sample of this study was selected through available sampling. Then, data were collected using Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale ( CD-RISC) and Endler and Parker’s Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results of this study showed that there was no difference in resilience between volunteers and soldiers, but there was a significant difference in coping with stress scale. In terms of problem-oriented style and avoidance-oriented style, the difference was significant. Therefore, it turns out that there is no difference in emotion-focused coping. The main findings of this study confirm that special training courses are recommended to enhance resilience and help volunteers and soldiers to exprince reduce warfare stress.

The aim of this study was to determine the role of childhood emotional (affective) maltreatments (abuse) in predicting adult aggression with the mediating role of pathological (morbid) personality traits. This research was a descriptive correlational study and the statistical population included all persons between 18 and 50 years old. The sample of this study was 266 people who were selected through available sampling. Subjects completed the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), DSM-5 Personality Inventory (PID-5) and Life Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ) on a voluntary basis. The direct effect of emotional maltreatment variables on the morphological variables was 0.22, the direct effect of the emotional maltreatment variables on aggression was 0.24 and the direct effect of combining morbidity variables on aggression was 0.64. According to the t-test, the indirect paths of the model are significant, indicating a significant mediating role of pathological characteristics in the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and adult aggression. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the causal model of the mediating role of pathological (morbid) personality traits is confirmed in relationship between childhood emotional maltreatment and adulthood aggression.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of group positive psychotherapy and psychodrama on spiritual attitude of women with chronic pain. The study was a semi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with control group, and the statistical population included all women suffering from chronic pain who visited Pars Royal Clinic in Tehran, from among whom a sample of 45 women were selected using convenience sampling method and were assigned to three groups of 15 people. Research tools included Spiritual Attitude Scale, Group Positive Psychotherapy Protocol and Therapeutic Psychodrama Package. For analyzing the data, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was utilized. Research findings indicated that group positive psychotherapy was more effective than psychodrama on improving the spiritual attitude of women suffering from chronic pain (p<0.01). Based on the results, compared to psychodrama, group positive psychotherapy is more effective on strenghtening the spiritual attitude of women with chronic pain in using adaptive strategies to cope with chronic pain and thereby improving their quality of life

The aim of this study was to study the role of perfectionism and positive thinking of parents in prediction of social skills of the elementary students. The research method was descriptive – correlational (regression type). The population of this study was comprised of all elementary students in Ghaemshahr city during 2014-2015 academic year. The sample included 377 students who were randomly selected through cluster sampling method. To collect data, the Perfectionism Questionnaire of Hewitt and Flett, Positive Thinking Questionnaire of Ingram and Wisnicki, and Social Skills Questionnaire of Matson, Rotatori and Helsel were used. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions by SPSS- 18. The results showed that there is significance relation between perfectionism and positive thinking with social skills of the elementary students. The results of multiple regression analysis using simultaneous arrival research showed that perfectionism and positive thinking be explaining 31% of the variance of the total score of social skills, have the ability to predict the criterion variable. These findings indicate the need for serious attention by planners, counselors, and authorities to social skills of students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of academic self-regulation in the relationship between academic hope and components of approaches to learning. Participants were 348 high school students (223 girls and 125 boys) which were selected using the random cluster sampling method during 2014-2015 academic years. In order to investigate the variables of research, Self-Regulation Questionnaire (Bouffard et al., 1995), Academic Hope and Learning Approach (Elliot et al., 1999) scale were used. For analyzing the research model, structural equation model and Amos 22 software were used. Results showed that academic hope predicted approach to learning directly and also indirectly through academic self- regulation. In sum, the results of this study indicate the importance and role of academic hope in increasing academic self-regulation and adaptive approaches. Due to the adaptive role of academic hope, educators need to pay special attention to teach these capabilities to students. Also, an increase in the negative attitude toward education and a decrease in the positive expectation of education society today will also increase the need for education and training of capabilities such as hope.