مجله علوم پزشکی رازی
سال بیست و ششم شماره 10 (پیاپی 187، دی 1398)

Breast cancer is one of the most related cancer deaths among women. The scorpion venom consists of various peptides and proteins with cytotoxic, apoptotic and growth inhibitory effects on various cancers. Studying the cytotoxic effect Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom on T47D breast cancer cell line was the main aim of this study.

The T47D cells were cultured as monolayer in RPMI1640 medium. The toxicity of the scorpion venom on T47D cell line was evaluated by MTT assay and the IC50 was calculated. The HEK293 cell line was used as control cell line.

The MTT assay results showed the time and dose-dependent inhibitory effect of H. lepturus venom on T47D cell line. However, such effect was not observed on HEK293 cell line in identical dose.

The achieved results indicate the anticancer effect of H. lepturus venom on T47D breast cancer cell line.

Methotrexate is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents that may cause kidney failure as a side effect. Carboxypeptidase G2 (Glucarpidase marketed under the brand name of Voraxaze) is a bacterial enzyme that can convert methotrexate to its inactive metabolites and provides an alternative non-renal pathway for methotrexate elimination in patients with renal dysfunction during high-dose methotrexate treatment.

In this research, carboxypeptidase G2 was synthetized in pUC 57 vector. Then it was subcloned into pET28a between NdeI and XhoI restriction sites. Recombinant vector was transformed into E. coli BL21 and its expression was examined in various conditions.   

The optimum expression of recombinant protein was obtained at the concentration of 0.5 mM IPTG, 25 ° C, 6 h. Then the active enzyme was purified by Nickle affinity chromatography. Optimal pH and temperature of enzyme was 7 and 25 ˚C respectively. The Km and Vmax for methotrexate were 24 µM and 0.005431 µmol/min.  

The present study was conducted to produce recombinant carboxypeptidase G2 and to improve its production efficiency. In future, this enzyme could be a potential candidate for preventing chemotherapy side effects.

The androgen receptor belongs to the family of transcription factors of the steroid hormones receptor, and according to studies, single nucleotide mutations in the structure of this protein can affect its function and response to inhibitory drugs. In regard this purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs137852585 presence in the androgen receptor-encoding gene on the response of this form to treatment with enzalutamide and to study its frequency in Iranian population.

In this case-control study, 10 ml peripheral blood was taken from 50 prostate cancer patients and 50 healthy people. Then the genomic DNA of the samples was extracted and isolated. ARMS-PCR and direct sequencing were used to determine the presence of polymorphism and the data were analyzed using SISA statistical database and Fisher's exact test. On the other hand, to evaluate the effect of mutation on the function of the androgen receptor, the Docking technique and the Autodock 4.2 software were used. Finally, determination of the allele frequency, heterozygosity and the investigation of the existence of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were performed using the Genepop computational server.

Investigations showed that the allele frequency for rs137852585 increased for mutated allele in patients with prostate cancer (0.24) compared to healthy subjects (0.08) (p=0.003). On the other hand, reviewing the results of Docking showed that mutation in the androgen receptor structure makes enzalutamide-androgen receptor interactions thermodynamically undesirable. Demographic analyzes showed that this marker is at the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the Iranian population (p>0.05).

The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms induces resistance to enzalutamide by altering the active site of the androgen receptor. On the other hand, the presence of mutant allele of rs137852585 could increase prostate cancer risk.

In obesity the risk of cardiovascular diseases is more strongly related to the visceral rather than subcutaneous adiposity. Epicardial adipose tissue is a kind of visceral fat which located between myocardium and visceral pericardium. Rapid improvements in noninvasive techniques for cardiac imaging made a strong interest in the imaging of epicardial and perivascular adipose tissue as proxy measures of visceral adiposity which is more specific and sensitive indicators of cardiometabolic risk. To date epicardial adipose tissue is considered to modulate various physiological and pathological cardiac functions through the paracrine activity. Epicardial adipose tissue act as an endocrine organ by releasing bioactive proteins which known as adipokines, that can direct and locally act on nearby vessels and tissues. Extensive experimental and clinical evidence has confirmed the key role of inflammatory adipokines in the development of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of inflammatory processes are not fully understood. In this review we tried to notice some important roles of epicardial adipose tissue in cardiovascular diseases.

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has side effects for the patient's heart. One of the most important adverse effects after CABG surgery is disorder and heart rate abnormalities and heart rate variability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term yoga and rehabilitation training on HRV parameters of Post CABG patients.

In this semi experimental study, 14 CABG patients randomly divided into two groups: rehabilitation (control; N=7) and rehabilitation and yoga (experimental, N=7). After preliminary evaluations, performing exercise test and HRV assessment, the patients underwent 8 weeks of training program, 3 times a week, in Tehran's Shahid Rajaee Heart Hospital. T-test was used to evaluate the intra-group differences and independent t-test was used to evaluate the difference between groups (p≤0.05).

The results showed that there was a significant difference in the SDNN of experimental group (p=0.05) and LF (p=0.032) and HF (p=0.017) in the control group. Also, there was a significant difference between the two groups in HF (p=0.030)

The results of the study showed that the combination of yoga and rehabilitation exercises has beneficial effects on heart rate variability. By improving the HRV index, the mortality rate associated with changes in heart rate and autonomic impairment decreases. Therefore, a combination of yoga and rehab programs for Post CABG patients are suggested.

Lung cancer was known as primary cancers. Early detection of lung cancer reduces the length of treatment and spends a great deal of cost on the survival and survival of the individual. In recent years, the use of computer techniques in the use of data mining and intelligent algorithms has accelerated the early diagnosis of this cancer. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of the new method based on Principal Component Analysis and Multi-Layer Perceptron with Genetic Algorithm optimization for Diagnosis of Lung Cancer.

In this study, the lung cancer dataset used was taken from the UCI machine learning database, including 32 patient records with 57 features. After performing its preprocessing steps, in the process of extraction of features and reduction of data dimensions, the main data of lung cancer were reduced to 17 characteristics using a basic component analysis. Then, in the classification step, these characteristics were reduced to multilayer perceptron by optimizing the genetic algorithm and the sensitivity and specificity of the model were studied according to the accuracy, sensitivity and Specificity. All analysis and synthesis were performed using the software of MATLAB and SPSS.

For the proposed model, the results of the simulations were the mean of classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, respectively, 98.86, 98 and 99.16%.

The results on real data indicate that the proposed system is very effective in the diagnosis of lung cancer and can be used for clinical applications.

Most infectious bacteria can at least be resistant to some antibiotics. Moreover, Drug resistant bacteria are known as multi-resistance organisms. Nowadays, the urgently need for new strategies is increasingly felt to control bacterial activity and in this regard, a very promising approach can be nanomaterials. Today's knowledge of nanoscale synthesis has to be considered as a global strategy. Nanotechnology includes the engineering and manufacturing of materials at the atomic and molecular scale and it refers to structures of about 1-100 nm in at least one dimension. In addition to nanotechnology applications, we can mention the new science of nanomedicine, which we are currently seeing its enormous effects in the pharmaceutical and medical biotechnology industries. This science is rapidly becoming a major driving force in the field of antimicrobial activity in the world. This paper focuses on the use of nanotechnology as a new tool for tackling the current challenges in the field of infectious disease treatment. Therefore, for safer use of this new technology, clinical trials and further research are needed at the molecular biology level. Ultimately, the adverse effects of nanomaterials cannot be ruled out.

Posttraumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder that occurs in people who are exposed to psychological traumatic events. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of three methods of EMDR, CBT, and EFT therapy on the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in patients with neurology in northern hospital of Kerman.

The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and follow-up design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all patients referring to Neurology and Neurology Hospital of Kerman in 2018. Using a targeted accessible sampling, 60 patients with diagnosis PTSD were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group. The participants at the EMDR sessions were treated individually in 6 sessions of forty-five minutes, and the CBT and EFT groups were grouped in 6 sessions forty-five minutes. All subjects were evaluated in three stages of pre-test and post-test and follow-up by a post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire.

The results of analysis showed that the symptoms of post-traumatic stress in all three experimental groups significantly decreased. For the experimental group EMDR (p<0.02, F=6.13), for the experimental group EFT (p<0.02, F=5.33) and for the experimental group CBT (p<0.03, F=4.82) Is significant at the level of 0.001.

All three EMDR, CBT and EFT groups reduce the symptoms of post-traumatic stress in post-traumatic patients, but the post-test results showed that EMDR intervention was more effective than the other two methods in reducing the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Cancer is the second most common cause of death after cardiovascular disease in worldwide and developed countries. Breast cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in women. Mortality from breast cancer is significantly reduced with early detection. There are several detection methods. One way is investigate the changes of microRNA expression in serum / plasma. In this study, we examined the expression of hsa-miR-490 in serum that obtained from patients with breast cancer.

In a cross-sectional comparative study, peripheral blood samples were collected from 30 subjects with breast cancer and 30 healthy individuals as a control group. Total mRNA was extracted from serum and cDNA was synthesized to study the hsa-miR-490-5p gene expression variations by real-time PCR.

Significant increase was observed in gene expression and sera concentration of hsa-miR-490-5p in serum of breast cancer patient. Significant changes were not observed in gene expression of hsa-miR-490-3p in serum of breast cancer patient.

The obtained results indicated that hsa-miR-490-5p acts as oncomir in serum by targeting FOXP3 (p<0.05).

Competitive diving has both a high speed impact and chronic repetitive character. Jumping from the springboard with poor posture or the sheer volume of dives can increase risk of chronic overuse injuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dynamic lower extremity malalignments and elite divers' approach the 1 m springboard.

Passive or reflective markers were attached to posterior surface of the subjects' bodies. Twelve elite divers performed "Forward Diving Straight" with one of the Traditional (TRD) or Hurdle pre-flight (HPF) approach on the 1m springboard. Their dynamic malalignments of ankle, knee and hip were evaluated during diving performance. The relationship between approach pattern and dynamic malalignment of ankle, knee, and hip in the frontal plane at each step was determined using “Generalized Estimating Equation” (GEE) with the “Identity Function” and the “Normal Distribution”.

The results of GEE modeling showed that the mean dynamic joints malalignments were significantly higher on HPF than TRD group.

The postural alignment of lower extremity is affected by the approach pattern. The malalignment of the hip, knee, and especially ankle have substantial interest as potential risk factors for lower extremity injuries. Trainers and coaches are advised to planning for “dynamic postural stability” and “corrective exercises” after recognizing critical points in divers’ performance.

Regular aerobic exercise training is one of the most effective methods for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the patiens with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of continuous and High intensity Interval training (HIIT) on the gene expression of TIMP-2 and MMP-2 genes in diabetic rats.

This is an experimental study. For this purpose, 21 male diabetic rats were divided into 3 groups of 7; Continuous Aerobic Exercise (CT), High intensity Interval training (HIIT) and Control (C). Diabetes was induced in a pellet with a high-fat diet (30% fat and 25% fructose) for 16 weeks. After the last exercise and recovery session, the subjects were sacrificed and their left ventricle was extracted. Glucose oxidase was used to measure glucose in plasma using ELISA method to measure insulin levels and HOMA-IR method was used to measure insulin resistance index. PCR-Real time was used to determine the expression of TIMP-2 and MMP-2 genes and comparison of the groups by one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test to determine the difference between groups at alpha level of 5%.

The results showed that gene expression of MMP-2 in both groups of CT (p=0.01) and HIIT (p=0.001) showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. The TIMP-2 gene expression in both CT (p=0.03) and HIIT (p=0.001) groups was significantly higher than the control group. Weight in the groups did not show any significant changes compared to the control group. Glucose and insulin in the training groups showed a significant difference compared to the control group, and the HIIT did not show a significant difference between the two groups in terms of continuation training group.

It can be concluded 8 weeks of HIIT training with a greater effect on reducing the expression of MMP-2 gene and modifying the expression of TIMP-2 gene in myocardium in a poorly regulated diabetic rats and possibly reducing the risk of diabetic cardiomyopathy.