نشریه بیولوژی کاربردی
سال نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 36، زمستان 1398)

Recently , due to the resistance of bacterial pathogens to the detection of new antimicrobials, much attention has been paid. In the present study, the antimicrobial properties of four extracts of leafy leafy leaves, henna leaves, walnut shells and pomegranate peel on three gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, and two gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied. it placed. Antimicrobial effect of the alcoholic and aqueous extract of these plants was studied by diffusion and well discarding method by measuring the non-growth aura's diameter and the minimum inhibitory concentration was investigated by ELISA method. The results show that in two methods, diffusion discs and wells in alcoholic and aqueous extracts have the highest effect on Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterium and have the least effect on E. coli bacteria. The minimum amount of MIC for alcoholic extract is 31.25 and MBC 54.25 mg / ml, which is related to Escherichia coli bacteria. The results measurements of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins also indicate that the highest amount of this product is in the concentration of 500 mg / ml of the extract of plants. Also, the amount of antioxidant activity in the alcoholic extract is about twice as much as the aqueous extract. The results of this study indicate that the combination of extracts of plants, especially alcoholic extract, has a more antibacterial effect than the aqueous extract, which can be due to the presence of more antibacterial compounds in the extract.

α-Glucosidase is a kind of hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of non-reducing terminal carbohydrates into α-glucose. Inhibition of this enzyme prevent the glucose absorption. Compounds that can inhibit α-glucosidase are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Tribulus terrestris is a medicinal plant which is distributed around the world. Saponins in this plant are responsible for its biological activities. In the research, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of saponins extracted from Tribulus terrestris has been studied by ELISA reader, UV-Visible, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. The results of ELISA reader displayed that Saponins have functioned as uncompetitive inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value were 38 µM for saponin. The absorption of α-glucosidase increased with the addition of saponin concentrations. Comparison of the α-glucosidase and α-glucosidase-saponin complex displayed that the content of the α-helix structure decreased and the content of the β-sheets and random coils structure increased. Collectively, the results showed that saponins extracted from Tribulus terrestris can disrupt the α glucosidase enzyme structure and inhibit the enzyme activity. Altogether, the saponins extracted from Tribulus terrestris can be a good candidate for Type II diabetes treatment.

Candida infection is caused by overgrowth of Candida species, especially albicans, in immunocompromised individuals. This infection may be resistant to the treatment and sometimes become chronic, as well as sometimes the patients will return to the infection after treatment. Pulmonary aspergillosis is also one of the most important causes of fungal infections in humans and animals and leads to pulmonary infection in immunocompromised individuals. With increasing drug resistance, an attempt to provide antifungal or antimicrobial drugs is needed. The increasing use of medicinal plants in medical treatment, this branch of complementary medicine, has a special place in the treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Ganodermalocydom fungus extract on the growth of Candida albicans isolated from pulmonary infections in laboratory conditions and compare them with the standard strain.

In this experimental study, the antifungal effects of the extract on Candida albicans were evaluated based on CLSI standards.

The extract had a good effect on Candida albicans inhibition..

Ganoderma fungus extract showed antifungal effects on Candida albicans.

Fast and cold foods, due to their high diversity, availability, lack of cooking time and due to these foods are not very processed and may be in contact with hand of restaurant workers at the time of preparation, the microbial risks of consumers from this Products have increased.

In this research, 50 samples of food products (handmade hamburger, falafel, potato sambosa, pizza sombosa, kebab, pasta salad) from 10 fast food stores in Sirjan city in a three month period from the beginning of July to the end of September 2017 were collected. Also, 36 samples were collected from their employees and analyzed by microbiological and molecular tests for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus.

Food contamination with Staphylococcus aureus was 6% and contamination of the staff was 19.44%. The highest susceptibility to Cotrimoxazole antibiotics (SXT), Zoxidium stiffness (COX), Ciprofloxacin (CP) was 100, 90, 90% respectively, and the highest resistance to antibiotics were kanamycin (K), linzoleide (LINEZ), azithromycin (AZI) 60, 35, 30% respectively were reported.

Based on the results of this research, it can be said that since the stages of preparing handmade hamburger, falafel, potato sambosa, pizza sombosa, kebab, pasta salad in Iran are manually, there is a complete risk of food contamination through human resources. Therefore, personal and environmental health education in order to reduce the rate of Staphylococcus aureus in people involved in the preparation of food is very important.

Health professionals are seeking simple methods for evaluation of atherosclerosis risk. The aim of this study was determination of relationship between body dimensions with atherosclerosis risk factors.

Subjects of this study were inactive middle-aged men (n=102) and women (n=77). Anthropometric indices (size, breath and circumferences of body segments), lipid profile (blood cholesterol, triglyceride, highdensity lipoprotein and low density lopoprotein) and blood glucose of the subjects were determined using standard methods.

Waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to thigh ratio (WTR), waist to height ratio (WHtR), trunk size, second to fourth digit ratio, suprailiacus skinfold fat and subscapularis to triceps skinfold ratio (STR) in men and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, trunk size, second and fourth digit lengths, triceps and suprailiacus skinfold fat and WHtR in women were significantly related to the risk of dyslipidemia (P≤0.05).

Hip circumference, suprailiacus skinfold fat and WHtR in both sexes have positive relationship with the risk of atherosclerosis. Waist circumference, WTR and WHR in men and BMI in women have stronger correlation with atherosclerosis.