مجله رویکردهای نوین در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 9 (تابستان1394)

Golestan province is one of the potential destinations to develop sport tourism and attract tourists nationally and internationally on the shores of the Caspian Sea. The aim of this study was to design strategic planning for sport tourism development in Golestan province by SWOT method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The validity of this questionnaire was approved by experienced professors and its reliability was verified by Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient (α = 0.86). The statistical sample consisted of 62 university sport management professors as well as tourism and physical education experts and managers. The questionnaire included 36 ranked items about strengths، weaknesses، opportunities and threats of the development of sport tourism in Golestan province. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and mean comparison test. The analysis of strengths، weaknesses، opportunities and threats showed that the final score of internal factors evaluation matrix was 2.32 and the final score of external factors evaluation matrix was 2.34. The data indicated that sport tourism in Golestan province was located in weaknesses and threats (WT).

The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between aggression and communication skills of male lifeguards in Tehran. 169 lifeguards were selected from 300 subjects as the sample of this study based on Morgan Table by cluster simple random sampling method. The methodology of this study was correlation. The study was application with regard to the purpose of data collection, provisional in terms of time and a field study with regard to the way the data were collected. Bus and Peri Aggression Questionnaire (1992), Barton J Communication Skills Questionnaire (1990), and a demographic questionnaire were used in this study. In order to describe research variables, descriptive statistics were used. In order to determine the normal distribution of data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. In addition, Pearson correlation and regression were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed no significant relationship between aggression and communication skills of male lifeguards in Tehran.

Leadership effectiveness is one of the success factors in any organization. Hence, it is important to identify factors that can be related to this factor. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational intelligence and leadership effectiveness of sport managers. The statistical population consisted of all managers of Sport and Youth Ministry, National Olympic Committee, National Paralympics Committee, National Olympic Academy and sport federations (N=331). Base on Morgan Table, 180 subjects were selected for this study. Karl Albrecht (2003) Organizational Intelligence Questionnaire (35 items) and Leadership Effectiveness Questionnaire (36 items) were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed by the multivariate regression. The results showed a significant relationship between leadership effectiveness and organizational intelligence (P<0.05). Also, with regard to the multivariate regression coefficients achieved by enter method, there was a significant relationship between enthusiasm, alignment and congruence and performance pressure and leadership effectiveness (P<0.05). Generally, this study showed that organizational intelligence was an important predictive factor for leadership effectiveness of sport managers.

The aim of this study was to analyze the structures of TV programs and the functional roles of selected sport channels. This study was descriptive in terms of strategy, content analysis in terms of methodology, applied regarding the aims, provisional considering time, citation in terms of data collection and sectional regarding the period of study. Researcher-made coding sheets were used to collect data. These sheets analyzed contents and structures of 6 sport channels. Their objectivity coefficient was obtained by Kappa as %89. The statistical population consisted of 6 sport channels: ESPN, Euro Sport, Sky Sport, Rai Sport, Aljazeera and Iran Sport TV. These channels were selected based on their geographical coverage. The statistical sample was selected from 13 weeks by cluster – random sampling method. The programs were analyzed for 14 days from 21 March to 4 April 2015. Descriptive statistics such as percentages and graphs were used to describe the variables in 6 channels. Also, chi-square test was applied to analyze the data. The results showed significant differences in variables such as gender, functional roles, sport quadruplet components, content and subject of production of sort programs among these channels (P≥0.01).

This study was designed to predict the attitudinal construct of job involvement through core job characteristics in soccer referees. 157 referees and assistant referees working in Iran premier and A division soccer leagues responded to standard questionnaires of Work Design (Morgeson and Humphrey, 2006) and Job Involvement (Kanungo, 1982). Regarding the number of referees, statistical sample equaled the statistical population. Face validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 17 sport management experts and soccer referees. The most important descriptive results showed that A-league referees reported more job involvement than premier league referees. Also, the results of structural equation model illustrated that the most important job characteristics influencing soccer referees’ job involvement were autonomy, task identity, and feedback. Although task identity and autonomy were fit, these indexes were not confirmed for pathway of feedback to job involvement. These findings recommend that referees should be assigned more authority and job rules should be revised. Finally, managers of soccer referees are suggested to eliminate referees’ false responsibilities and pressures in addition to revising and changing assistant referees’ tasks during this job redesigning.

The aim of this study was to predict organizational indifference of staff through managers' strategic intelligence in Sport and Youth offices of Kermanshah province. This study was descriptive and correlation. The statistical population consisted of all managers and staff of Sport and Youth offices in Kermanshah province (N=228). To determine the sample, it was considered proportional to the statistical population. A researcher-made questionnaire of strategic intelligence and the standard questionnaire of organizational indifference by Danaiefar et al. (2010) were used and their reliability was determined as 0.92 and 0.97 respectively. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and SPSS22 and LISREL8/70 were used. The results showed a significant and negative relationship between strategic intelligence and organizational indifference of staff. Also, the results of stepwise regression showed that strategic intelligence explained 0.24 of changes in organizational indifference. Therefore, the managers of Sport and Youth offices are recommended to pay special attention to the strategic intelligence so that they can provide the ground to reduce organizational indifference of staff in the organization.

The aim of this study was the relationship between conflict management styles and the effectiveness of staff in the Sport and Youth offices of Hamadan province. This study was descriptive - correlation and applied in terms of aim. The population consisted of all staff of Sport and Youth offices of Hamadan province (N=140) and 103 subjects were selected based on Morgan Table. Conflict Management Questionnaire of Robbins (1991) and Effectiveness of Staff Questionnaire of Nedaei (2012) were used to collect data (15). The reliability of Conflict Management Questionnaire was 0.88 and Effectiveness of Staff Questionnaire was 0.67 using Cronbach's alpha test. In inferential statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used. The results showed a significant relationship between competition and cooperation conflict management styles and effectiveness of staff (P<0.05) but there was no significant relationship between avoiding conflict management style and effectiveness of staff in Sport and Youth offices of Hamadan province (P<0.05), and the results also showed that conflict management styles were suitable predictors of effectiveness of staff.