مجله رویکردهای نوین در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 16 (بهار 1396)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of organizational exhilaration on productivity of employees in Sport and Youth general office of Mazandaran province. The present study was conducted with descriptive - analytical method. The statistical population included all employees of Sport and Youth general office of Mazandaran province (N=127) and the statistical sample was selected based on Morgan Table (n=97). For data collection, Organizational Exhilaration Questionnaire and Manpower Productivity Questionnaire were used. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, structural equation modeling and statistical software of SPSS20 and AMOS23 were used. The results showed that organizational exhilaration directly affected manpower productivity (path coefficient=0.42). Self-disclosure (factor loading 0.79), positive thinking (factor loading 0.63), participation, meaningfulness, interest to work (factor loading 0.57) and learning (factor loading 0.53) respectively had the greatest roles in affecting exhilaration. Organizational exhilaration had a positive effect on employees’ productivity and it is suggested that managers should attempt to create appropriate organizational exhilaration in their organizations to create job satisfaction in their employees and to increase and improve employees’ and organization’s productivity.

The aim of this study was to construct and determine the validity and reliability of sport consumer behavior instrument in sport for all. 560 participants in sport for all were selected through stratified random sampling method as the sample. 21 items were extracted by studying and collecting texts and articles related to sport consumer behavior. Content ratio and construct validity were respectively used to check the validity of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used to test the reliability. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed three dimensions named as "frequency of participation", "purchase intentions" and "media consumption". Based on confirmatory factor analysis and by eliminating one of the items with factor loading lower than the desired level, the results showed that all the items had the optimum factor loading. The results showed those indexes necessary for model fit were desirable (CMIN/DF=5.21, GFI=0.893, TLI=0.868, CFI=1.0, PNFI=0.73, RMSEA=0.078). Cronbach's alpha for the whole instrument and subscales of frequency of participation, purchase intentions and media consumption were respectively 0.89, 0.851, 0.847, 0.774. The current study provided a suitable instrument with desirable reliability and validity to assess sport consumer behavior so that the scientific and research community of sport marketing could benefit from it to evaluate the sports industry.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between brand identity and team identity of fans of Iran football premier league teams. This study was descriptive correlation that was conducted as field. The population included all fans of Iran football premier league teams. In this study, cluster random sampling method was used: Iran was divided into 5 regions, and then needed information of the study were collected. This study used a questionnaire that included 4 parts to collect data related to the study variables. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were investigated and confirmed before it was used in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate construct validity. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship among the study variables and structural equations modeling by LISREL software was used to provide the study model. The results showed that differentiation, validity and similarity of brand identity (impact factor of 0.48, 0.39 and 0.22) respectively had the maximum and minimum effects on brand identity attractiveness of Iran football premier league clubs and the brand identity attractiveness (impact factor of 0.82) had the maximum effect on creating the team identity of fans.

The main aim of this study was to recognize communication skills, referee skills and efficiency of referees in premier league and to explain their relationships. The present study was applied and descriptive in terms of strategy and survey in terms of methodology. The statistical population consisted of all 96 referees and assistant referees of Iran football premier league in 2015-2016 season. The sample was purposively considered so the population and sample were identical. Communication Skills, Referee Skills and Efficiency Questionnaires with the reliability (0.81, 0.88, 0.90 respectively) were used in this study. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed a significant relationship between communication skills, referee skills and efficiency of referees. The results of measuring models of path analysis of communication skills, referee skills and efficiency of referees showed a high fit of this model and confirmed the conceptual models of this study. Therefore, it is suggested that this model should be considered as one of the selection patterns of referees when Iran football premier league referees are being selected.

Planning and control are described as two blades of scissors. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the socioeconomic status of participants in order to scientifically plan and determine the performance evaluation indicators for proper control. The aim of this study was to identify the socioeconomic status of participants in sport for all. The research method was descriptive – survey and the population consisted of all participants in the sport for all in Tehran city. In this study, socioeconomic status comprised of the components: housing, job, income, education of participants, their spouse and children, the amount of study, domestic and foreign travels, spouse’s job, personal and recreational facilities. A researcher-made checklist was used after confirming its content validity and determining its reliability (α=0.84). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (independent 2-sample t test). Results showed that most participants belonged to the lower (53.8%) and middle (43.2%) classes and lowest percentage (3%) belonged to the upper class. Also, no significant differences were observed in socioeconomic status between men and women. SWOT analysis was used to analyze the results and to extract policies and strategies based on the facts. Then, practical suggestions along with predetermined performance evaluation indicators were provided.

Brand image is at the heart of an organization's promotional activities. This study aimed at providing a model for the brand image of Iran National Olympic Committee. The statistical population composed of coaches, players, supervisors, reporters, heads of federations who were dispatched to the Asian Games, and the employees of National Olympic Committee. All the participants responded to researcher-made questionnaires (containing 45 items). Exploratory factor analysis was used to obtain 7 factors affecting brand equity including non-functional related attributes, functional related attributes, functional benefits, symbolic benefits, financial and legal management, image management, and organizational design management. Based on the model, the relationship of these factors and their roles on managing brand image of financial committee of NOC were investigated. The results showed that the functional benefits and symbolic benefits of the National Olympic Committee affected brand image of this committee. Also, functional and non-functional attributes (two variables from the analysis) and financial management played a role in the functional benefits and so affected the brand image of National Olympic Committee.

The aim of the present study was to model the components of sport diplomacy in the development of international relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present study was applied in terms of aims and mixed sequential exploratory in terms of data collection. The sample was equal to population (325 Iranian and foreign experts of sport diplomacy who executively or scientifically had national and international positions in sport diplomatic relations). A questionnaire with 60 items was used to collect data. Confirmatory factor analysis decreased the number of items to 59 and 10 components: international branding and prestige, cultural development, political development, economic development, fight isolation and sanction, leave the dark side, peace and friendship, national unity, media communication and soft power development. Cronbach’s alpha and Dillon-Goldstein P tests confirmed the validity of the questionnaire and its components. In addition, soft power development was the most important factor to explain the variance. On the other hand, partial least squares (PLS) confirmed the final model of the study and also divergent and convergent validity of the questionnaire.