مجله رویکردهای نوین در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 19 (زمستان 1396)

The aim of this study was to codify perspectives and strategic plan of Sport Department of Islamic Azad University using balanced scorecard (BSC) approach. The statistical population included chief officers, physical education authorities in provinces, professors and doctorate students (n=91). 12 subjects in qualitative section and 79 subjects in quantitative section were selected by census sampling method. In order to collect data in quantitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire was used; the validity was confirmed by sport management experts and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha (α=0.87). Also, in qualitative section, interviews and strategic meetings were used. For data analysis, the Chi Square test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Cronbach’s alpha in quantitative section and the interviews and strategic meetings in qualitative section were used. The results showed that the Sport Department had 4 financial perspectives, customer, internal processes, learning and growth, 27 strategic plans, 63 measurements, and 238 actions. Also, there were cause and effect relationships between perspectives and strategic plans and finally codified perspectives, strategies and strategic plan can implement strategies of Sport Department in Islamic Azad University.

Performance measurement is the most important factor to recognize the current situation and a driving force to improve activities. The aim of this study was to measure performance in selected Iranian sport federations using data envelopment analysis by an approach to fuzzy systems. Data envelopment analysis is a powerful method to calculate system efficiency that allows organizations to compare their performance with other organizations and then to make better decisions. Also, fuzzy models are more effective due to an environmental uncertainty about human thinking and judgment. The statistical population consisted of 14 selected Iranian federations (as they were main sport fields and important and medalists). The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire (reliability coefficient=%81). Using the math model (suggested fuzzy-liner programming), the results showed that football, volleyball, wrestling, weightlifting, taekwondo, karate, boxing, track and field federations were efficient during 4 years (2011-2015) and basketball, shooting, gymnastics, wushu, judo and swimming federations were inefficient.

The aim of this study was to identify the ways to successful imitation strategy in sport entrepreneurship companies which was conducted in two steps. Firstly, the ways were identified by Delphi technique and then a model was developed by interpretive structural modeling. So, 6 experts were selected from sport management professors by purposive sampling method and the Delphi rounds continued until a theoretical agreement was reached. In the second step, 15 experts from the Beta brand sales agents were selected by purposive sampling method and paired comparison questionnaire were distributed among them to develop the model. Data were analyzed by SPSS22 software in the first step and the calculations of the second step were conducted with the MATLAB2014 software. Delphi method identified ‘imitating the leading brand name’, ‘imitating the leading brand appearance’, ‘imitating the leading brand identity’, ‘imitating the leading brand image’, ‘promoting the perceived value of the imitation brand’, ‘promoting national production support’, ‘imitation brand store’ and ‘the success of the imitation strategy’ as the ways and interpretive structural modeling developed a model in 4 levels for identified ways. Based on the results, the imitation strategy can promote the image and perceived value of imitation and provide the success of sport entrepreneurs in the market by creating an identity similar to leading brands.

This study aimed at brand associations and brand identity with an emphasis on the mediating role of brand citizenship behavior and providing a structural model of brand equity enhancement from the viewpoint of staff in Sport and Youth general office of Khorasan Razavi. This study was applied and survey. Researcher-made questionnaires of brand associations and brand citizenship behavior and standard questionnaires of brand identity and brand equity were used. Their reliability was 0.85, 0.82, 0.79 and 0.81 respectively. According to the information of Personnel Department of Sport and Youth general office in Khorasan Razavi, the population consisted of 123 employees in 2016. The sample equaled the population. To test the research model, structural equation modeling based on partial least squares method was used. The results showed that brand associations had a significant effect on brand equity and brand citizenship behavior. Also, brand identity had a significant effect on brand equity and brand citizenship behavior. Therefore, attention to maintain and develop brand identity and favorable brand associations in staff is a factor which influences brand equity enhancement in the organization.

The aim of this study was to analyze development strategy and strategic positioning in martial arts. This study was strategic and descriptive and application in terms of its aims. The statistical population consisted of the managers and decision makers of Kung Fu TO’A including chairman, vice chairman, senior adviser, secretary, presidents of the two previous periods, chairmen of the provincial councils including members of the strategic council, chairmen of the committees, and the members of the technical committee (N=72). The sample was selected by census sampling method. The data were collected by a combination of qualitative methods (deep interview) and quantitative methods (researcher-made questionnaire). In the qualitative section, the reliability was controlled by peer review method and its plurality and reliability were also controlled by the preparation and implementation of a codified framework (SWOT) for the interview. In the quantitative section, some of the professors and experts in sport management who were familiar with Kung Fu TOA's confirmed the validity of the questionnaire and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (α=0.915). Using SWOT analysis, 17 strengths, 20 weaknesses, 17 opportunities and 14 threats were identified. Based on these items, 5 SO strategies, 3 WO strategies, 3 ST strategies and 2 WT strategies were provided.

The aim of this study was to develop a model to measure behavioral problems in coaches of Iran football premier league using a structural equation model. The study was descriptive - analytical conducted as a field. In order to achieve the research goals, we used a researcher-made questionnaire. To achieve the aims of the study, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The statistical populations consisted of selected Iranian certified football coaches who were eligible to participate in the study who were selected using snowball sampling method. For data analysis, descriptive (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and inferential statistics (structural equation model) were used and Q-Q plot was applied to determine if the variables were normally distributed. According to the findings, the components of informal communications, general skills, personality, specialized knowledge, attitude and personal ethics had a positive and significant effect on behavioral pathology in coaches. Generally, Football Federation is able to prevent many behavioral problems in coaches through the development of a systematic structure and strong monitoring and auditing structures in the clubs, strict monitoring, the development of culture and training of coaches and the ability to recognize if coaches have the necessary flexibility with the environment, personality compatibility or mental subtlety in various situations in football at the beginning of their coaching.

The aim of this study was to codify the competency model of managers of Sport and Youth general office of Isfahan province. The statistical population included the managers of Sport and Youth general office in Isfahan province (N=82). To identify the perspectives and criteria of competency in the mentioned managers, semi-structural interviews were conducted with senior managers. After content analysis of interviews and using elites’ viewpoints, the comprehensive competency model of managers was extracted and confirmed. The elaborative frame of competency of the mentioned managers was confirmed in 3 perspectives (knowledge and awareness, skill and capability, personal properties), 7 criteria, and 35 indexes. The definition of each index was codified according to the literature and confirmed by elites. It should be noted about the elaborative frame of competency of managers in Sport and Youth general office of Isfahan province that the provided model included all perspectives (knowledge and awareness, skill and capability, personal properties) which indicated the comprehensiveness of the model.