مجله رویکردهای نوین در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 22 (پاییز 1397)

The aim of this study was to compare the governance model in team and individual sport federations. Methods of this study was descriptive-survey and C-OAR-SE procedure was used to design the questionnaire. 11 expert commented on content validity of the questionnaire with CVI & CVR and the reliability was confirmed using communality test. Stakeholders of 8 football, volleyball, basketball, handball, wrestling, taekwondo, weightlifting and judo federations were selected as the statistical population. 305 subjects were selected as the sample. SPSS23 and SMART-PLS3 (SEM) were used to analyze the data. According the findings, governance model in team and individual sport federations had a good quality. Although the path coefficient of the effect of factors on the concept of governance in the governance model of team and individual sport federations was different, this difference was not statistically significant. Thus, given the environmental conditions (economic, social, etc.) in the governing body of the federations in Iran, it seems that the governance model is not much different in federations.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of reflective thinking on management style, functional agility and organizational efficiency in sport managers and to provide a model. This study was descriptive - correlation conducted as a survey. The statistical population consisted of the sport managers of the Education Ministry in Esfahan province in 2016 that 258 people were selected as sample randomly among the number (N=786). 258 subjects were selected as the sample by stratified random sampling method. To collect data, four questionnaires were used: Reflective Thinking Questionnaire of Camber et al. (2000), Leadership Styles Questionnaire of Bass and Avolio (1996), Organizational Agility Questionnaire of Sharifi and Zhang (1999) and Hsu Organizational Efficiency Questionnaire (2002). Face and content validity and reliability of these questionnaires were confirmed. Data were analyzed by SPSS and Lisrel both in descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed a correlation between reflective thinking and management style of sport managers, as well as between management style and organizational agility and organizational efficiency. In general, the model of the effect of reflective thinking on organizational efficiency in sport managers gained considerable fit given the mediating role of management style and organizational agility.

This study aimed at measuring the attitude, knowledge, and performance of referees in contact sports regarding legal issues of refereeing careers. The population included all taekwondo, karate, judo, wrestling and boxing male referees in Isfahan city in 2016. 183 subjects were selected by stratified random sampling method. Also, all authorities of sport boards as and the staff members of refereeing committees of the mentioned sports in Isfahan city participated in this research in order to measure the referees’ performance regarding their legal duties in competitions. Three researcher-made questionnaires were employed to measure the attitude, knowledge, and performance of referees. The results indicated that the contact sport referees had a negative attitude to sport law as well as legal issues related to refereeing career. Also, they did not have sufficient knowledge about legal issues of refereeing career. Furthermore, the referees’ performance regarding their legal duties related to refereeing career in competitions was not appropriate.

The aim of this study was modeling the relationship between information literacy and creativity and entrepreneurial capability of higher education physical education students of Tehran state universities. The Statistical population consisted of all higher education physical education students of Tehran state universities (N=1000). According to Krejcie and Morgan Table, 270 subjects were selected with stratified random sampling method. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used for modeling. The results showed that information literacy had a direct effect on entrepreneurial capability (pc=0.19) and creativity (pc=0.44). “The ability to access information” (factor loading=0.81), “the ability to use targeted information” (0.76), “the ability to understand the legal and economic information” (0.33), “the ability to critically evaluate information” (0.31) and “the ability to understand the extent and nature of the information” (0.16) played the most important roles in influencing entrepreneurial capability and creativity. Also, creativity (pc=0.28) had a direct effect on entrepreneurial capability. Regarding these results, it is necessary to put on appropriate educational content and also effective education related to improving information literacy in the curriculum of physical education students in order to develop their entrepreneurial capabilities as well as creativity.

The aim of this study was to assess the quality of Iran football talent development system. The research method was descriptive and survey. The statistical population included coaches, players, players, university professors (active in football), pioneers, managers and football referees. The statistical sample consisted of 253 subjects who were selected by purposive and convenience sampling method. For data collection, talent development system evaluation questionnaire by Roger et al. (2010) was used. The reliability was obtained as 0.87 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Its face validity was confirmed by sport management professors and construct validity was evaluated by factor analysis. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used with SPSS22 and AMOS23 software. The findings showed that among the dimensions of football talent identification system, structure, process and outcomes had the most important roles respectively and all these three dimensions were far from the desired level. According to these results, it is suggested that managers and officials should consider goal setting, visions and plans to achieve goals in order to improve Iran football talent identification.

The aim of this study was to analyze green marketing mix in promoting the culture of using bicycles with a sport-recreational approach. The research method was descriptive-correlation. 170  users of public bikes on a daily basis were selected as the sample by Cochran formula (N=300). The questionnaire derived from the literature used 17 items in a 5-point Likert  Scale to evaluate green marketing mix on public bikes. SPSS 19 and LISREL 8.8 were used for the data analysis at a significance level P≤0.05. The results showed that green product, green price, green promotion and green place had respectively the highest priority among public bicycle users. According to the results of the analysis, the great importance of green marketing mix, especially the green product, indicated the need to pay attention to green transportation vehicles which can be a good alternative to strengthening urban culture. Bicycles can be particularly welcomed by the public as a green product that reduces air pollution and improves physical fitness. Also, the culture of using public bicycles among citizens was promoted by informing and creating environmental attitudes towards their benefits.

The aim of this study was to analyze the situation and to compare job creation of sport club managers with physical education and non-physical education degrees. The research method was descriptive causal-comparative. The statistical population included all managers of sport clubs in Tehran city and 65 subjects were selected by stratified random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data after its validity and reliability were confirmed. The questionnaire had 28 items that measured job creation. Binomial distribution test was used to determine job creation situation and the U Mann Whitney test was used to compare job creation among managers. The findings showed that the mean job creation of sport club managers with physical education degree in Tehran city was significantly higher than the average level while the job creation situation of managers without academic education in sport clubs of Tehran province was in the middle position. The results of the U Mann Whitney test showed no significant difference in the job creation between the managers with physical education and non-physical education degrees (P=0.834, Z= -0.209). According to these findings, job creation skills in physical education students have received no attention and it is necessary to pay attention to these issues.

The aim of this study was to design a strategic planning model for sport programs in Iran Broadcasting Organization (IRIB). The method of this study was applied in terms of the aim and mixed in terms of strategy. The statistical population included all experts, editors and senior managers of sport programs in Iran Broadcasting Organization, as well as all sport designers of this organization. According to the research method, the sample in the qualitative section included the managers of the sport programs of Iran Broadcasting Organization, editors and experts in the field of sport media (N=20) who were selected purposively and with the snowball technique. To collect the data, deep interview was conducted for the experts in the qualitative section and in the quantitative section, a questionnaire derived from the qualitative section was used. K-S test was used to examine the normal distribution of data. Then, Friedman ranking test was used to rank the identified strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. For other items in the strategic planning, strategic analyses, in particular SWOT analysis, were used in terms of topic. The results indicated that the sport programs of Iran Broadcasting Organization were located in the competitive region (ST) for which 5 strategies were developed.