فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات
پیاپی 57 (زمستان 1398)

modernization is cultural change. Research has shown that Iranians' beliefs, values, and attitudes have changed over the last few decades. The shift from traditional and religious to traditional and modernized and intensified among the educated class of society has also been greater. Most research to date has examined the extent, scope, and factors that influence these changes. This research seeks to understand the process of these changes with the methodological individualistic approach and seeks to understand how, and why, and how the cultural changes occur in an individual, and the mechanism of this change. For this purpose, using the qualitative method of narrative research, the narration of the life of the individual has been analyzed. Although a detailed understanding of the process of change requires a thorough study of their narratives and analysis, the results of the study summarize that the difference between primary and secondary social development and cognitive dissonance, cognitive change, and other important aspects of one's life lead to cultural change over time. be. Likewise, patterns of change in men are largely influenced by major political and social events and by women based on their life experiences and personal circumstances.

The bulk of the existing research on international migration has focused on the macro structural dimensions of this phenomenon. In the case of the migration of Iranians, most of the current discussions revolve around the magnitude of migratory flows; hence, a heavy debate about the statistics of immigration and their validity. In this study, we have tried to capture the social-psychological dimension of immigration, by drawing on the experiences of the Iranian student-migrants and those in the pre-migration phase. The present research aims to study dynamic changes of their images of the destination (Western Countries in this case) through the process of migration.Based on semi-structured interviews with 22 subjects, and a thematic analysis of their responses, the study revealed four important findings a) studying migration should not be reduced to studying migrants only, as the broader society is vividly present in all of one’s personal decisions regarding migration; b) in addition to those who actually migrate, there is a larger segment of population who desire to migrate but they never do; understanding this group is essential for a deeper understanding of the phenomenon we have called ‘the migration tendency’; c) in many cases, migration involves a utopian image of the destination country; d) such images are often arrived at in a very early age, and not necessarily in the adult years and based on a detailed cost-benefit analysis of migration; understanding this feature is crucial for formulating proper responses and policies with regards to migration.

Among the most important subjects that have always been closely related to literature, is the city as the domain of society and social life. Accordingly, in the history of literature, there are numerous utopias that sometimes have a literary and romantic aspect and sometimes a realistic and social aspect. The purpose of this paper is to recognize the modern utopian notion in the fiction of two decades before the Islamic Revolution (from 1972 to 1977), which emphasizes Nader Ebrahimi's fiction in which the status of the city and utopia in literature, the characteristics and developments of Iranian society with regard to Internal and external events are investigated. In this research, based on the discourse analysis method, derived from Lacla and Mouffe's views on the constructivist approach to representational theory, in the mentioned period, due to the conditions of the Iranian society, social developments and critical perspectives, the dominant notion of "return" is noted which has appeared in the writings of Nader Ebrahimi in a Literary and romantic way, as a "nostalgia for the past".

Popularization of science is seeking ways to help the public to understand the science and scientific findings. 'Lay summary' is one of the key channels for the promotion of science. Lay summaries are short summaries of proposals or research projects that are available for the public, who is not expert in a specific area. This summary should be written in the plain language, avoids using specialized words, and describes any technical terms. This paper aims to study the concept of lay summary, its similarities and differences with similar concepts, and its key indicators. However, the application of this concept in different domains will be investigated and the structure of writing an informative lay summary will be provided. To obtain these purposes, through document analysis method, 34 key references are reviewed and the findings are presente in tables and charts. The similarities and differences among "abstract", "summary", "executive summary", and "lay summary" based on the "audience", "structure," "purpose," and "application" are described. Based on the definitions provided by these references, 17 key indicators that were involved in the compilation of a lay summary, which were categorized in three dimensions: "formal", "content" and "evaluation". Research articles, research projects, research proposals, thesises and academic dissertations were the sources that were introduced in order to produce and disseminate lay summaries' format. Research domains such as medicine, health and health care have become a priority in the preparation and production of lay summaries.

Media and Communication Policy is a set of norms and practices which are developed by governments as a guidance of media system. These policies which also act as a mechanism of monitoring and controlling media operations, even though vary in different countries, have been mainly influenced by western media system. India as an ancient Asian country, has a unique experience in media policy making mainly because of its encountering with western media system as well as responding to its internal demands and pressure for commercialization and media freedom. The purpose of this study is to review and describe the history of media and communication policy making in India and then analyze its impact on the process of development in this country. To this end the researches have studied the available scholarly articles and books based on documentary research method. The results of the study show that India through commercialization of its media firms has achieved great economic developments, however, has not properly fulfilled the goals of media freedom

e due to their increased awareness in the light of the intellectual developments of this movement and their strong social presence in support of constitutionalism in various forms. In such an environment, the publication of the women's press reflects the horizon of Iranian female activists' view of the plight of the homeland and the decline of women. In other words, in the light of wide-ranging social and political developments, women have spoken out against their historical past, and after centuries of silence about their circumstances, the causes and contexts of their partners' public status, and the ways in which they have emerged as a nation-state change. . So the women's press in this period is full of information about women's relationships with themselves and with society. The present study has studied all the issues of women's magazine with qualitative content analysis method.The results show that protesting against gender discrimination, including by questioning common stereotypes that regard women as delusional, ignorant and weak, is one of the most important axes of the women's letter. While acknowledging and promoting the gender roles of women (motherhood and spouse), the magazine addresses the necessity of educating and protecting women's rights, defending the importance of their entry into the public sphere, calling for the development of Iran as a state of reproductive status

This article, with regard to social policy of hijab in Iran, studies on mechanism of encountering official clothing in university spaces by an extreme samples in subculture of students. In fact, this study focuses on the meanings of clothing among female students who behave contradictory to the official hijab pattern.It is obvious that there is no generalization claim, and only provides analyzes at the studied samples. The goal of this study is redefining social policy by this cognitive knowledge as a result.The methodology of this paper was Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA) and the tools for this methodology were focus groups and in depth interviews. 16 extreme samples were studied in this paper to achieve theoretical saturation. As a result, affinities identified include; comfort, others view, beauty, distinction, self-confidence, protest, visibility, freedom, fashion, Indicator of knowledge and appearance.The findings also found that "self-esteem", "beauty" and "visibility" for sample student girls are factors that can produce a sense of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their chosen clothing. On the other hand, the five factors of "fashion", "others view", "distinction", "protest" and "freedom" form the main motivation of these female students in choosing the type of clothing.In the typology of meanings and motivations, the students were divided into three groups; protester students and active convergent students and passive convergent students. And corresponding

In this paper, we are searching to realize that to what extend clothing presents Iranian identity and among identity signs and elements which one has had the most attention?In other words, All the effective factors in identity have shown themselves in fashion and two sides of the same coin. As a result, Societies should pay more attention to clothing and its role in defining and preserving their native and national identity.In this research, clothes presented in the international festival of fashion and clothing have been studied. In this case we are looking for signs of Iranian identity in the mentioned clothes. All the studied clothes have been exhibited between years 1390 and 1394. For accessing the necessary date with the quantitive content analysing method, Each piece is appraised by codifying the date produced by consuting with experts and referring to valuable written recources.In conclusion, Although we are gradually facing more Iranian symbol in fashion designing, still there are a great amount of works using non Iranian motifs. Also, fashion designers knowledge of Iranian identity including colors and Iranian clothe patterns are very low. Meanwhile it was specified that the most used pattern has been Botejeghe. At last, It was understood that the fashion designers have shown the preference of non Iranian signs over the Iranian ones.

This paper tries to evaluate the relationship between society structures and social media usage in Iran. Regarding the popularity of social media in Iran, doing studies into this field and its diverse dimensions is necessary to shed light on Iranian users’ life on social media. Despite this fact, there are not much research which have been done about the users’ motivations and processes in using social media. Therefore, we tried to fill this gap in this study. We based this research on Giddens’ structuration theory and carried out the study by doing qualitative interviews with 11 heavy old social media users. Furthermore, purposive, snowball and critical cases samplings were combined to gather the sample. Analyzing the interviews, several themes were emerged. We summarized and presented them into several parts. First, we identified the preferred social media in Iran. Then, we listed the reasons which have made them popular social media in Iran. Next, we explored the processes and procedures in using social media. In the same time, we explained the changes in these processes and procedures and identified the reasons behind them. Finally, we analyzed the mutual relationship between society structures and social media usage in Iran. In fact, we tried to assess how structures shape social media usage and were altered and changed by that.

The starting point in the two-linker communication process is a special situation that affects the whole process. This point has both verbal and non-verbal components. Ferraro's research attempts to find Islamic normative theory at the beginning of non-verbal communication and utilizes descriptive-analytic methods and ijtihadic and inferential patterns in understanding verses and narratives and using these deductive-data-based paradigms to balance cognitive analysis with these teachings. has done.The results of the study are as follows: Extraction of normative theory comprising normative principles and strategies, detailed norms in nine channels of nonverbal communication, communication model of beginning communication with nonverbal communication approach as a simple form of theory. According to this article, non-verbal norms are formed at the point of beginning of communication in Islamic culture with an emphasis on a central semantic signification, that is to create intimacy and social affection among believers, and among non-verbal communication tactile communication is of particular importance. In touch communication, there are also specific patterns that have not been found in any culture. The emphasis on attractiveness in appearance (covering, hair, grooming, etc.) is another component of the starting point for non-verbal communication in Islamic culture, which is next in line.

Cyberspace, a Place for Research in Helping Professions: Capabilities and Limitations Abstract One problem for student researchers is the difficulty of finding a sample and coordinating the location and time for research. The use of instant messaging and computer networks enables researchers to find easier access for potential users, thereby eliminating spatial and temporal constraints. The purpose of this study is to investigate the capabilities and limitations of research in telegram setting. The method of this research is qualitative, and its sample, is nine students who have done their dissertation research in the telegram setting. The research tool was semi-structured interview and data analysis was done by the thematic analysis. Telegram capabilities for research work includ “accessibility and comfort”, “flexibility”, “anonymity”, “therapeutic opportunities”, “faculty support and supervision capabilities”, “metacognitive capabilities”, and the constraints for research in telegram setting are “documentation constraints”, “lack of control over the situations”, “lack of contact signs”, “ethical concerns”, and ”slowness of process”. Therefore, due to the creation of metacognitive capabilities, writing is a major advantage of interviewing in telegram. On the other hand, is a serious challenge due to the lack of meta-tagging symptoms, therefore the best thing to do is research in a hybrid way that includes both benefits. Keyword: instant messaging, research, online, interview, qualitative, access

The need to provide "declarative function" as one of the legal functions of the registration systems all over the world on the one hand, and the desire to create e-government on the other hand, has led that countries Pay attention to information technology in the registration systems. The matter is “how is information technology affecting on the declarative function of registration systems and how much does it can fill the legal system s gaps”. The study, with an analytical and comparative approach, has concluded that information technology has been effective only on facilitating and expediting "access to information", but it has been uneffected in ensuring the accuracy of the registred information, which is related to the type of registration systems and to the principle of “acces right to information". Therefore, it is vital to make a policy that will allow citizens to have access to all necessary information to reduce the trading risk in the property and recorded legal status at the moment of the transaction. In addition, it is vital to guarantee the reliability and accuracy of the recorded information