مجله گل و گیاهان زینتی
سال سوم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1397)

In order to study response of two rose cut flower cultivars to various solutions an experiment was carried out as a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with four replications. The experimental treatments included two cultivars (Peach and Sorbit) and six different preserving solutions (distilled water (control), ethanol, benzyl adenine, gibberellic acid, sucrose and Savory essential oil). The results showed that Peach cultivar had a better response than Sorbit to preserving solutions. The vase life, solution uptake, relative fresh weight and membrane stability index in Peach were significantly higher than Sorbit cultivar. Proline contents and the number of unopened buds in Sorbit were greater than Peach cultivar. The various maintenance solutions had a significant effect on all the studied traits. The maximum vase life (8.64 day), solution uptake (71.51 ml) and total dissolved solids (5.52%) were observed in the preserving solution containing sucrose. On the other hand, the lowest vlues for these traits, and also the maximum number of unopened buds and proline contents were observed in the solution containing ethanol. In both rose cultivars, the solution containing sucrose and gibberellic acid on all the studied days had the more relative fresh weight, flower diameter and membrane stability index than other solutions. In general, it seems that treating rose cut flowers with sucrose have a positive role on improving the flower vase life.

Effect of different temperature treatments on the biochemical compounds and growth parameters of Hyacinthus orientalis cv. Blue jacket bulbs were evaluated under different temperature (5, 10, 15 and 20 °C). After four weeks, biochemical traits such as carbohydrate solution, protein, triglyceride, peroxidase and amylase during storage were measured. After the storage period they were planted in pots and some physiological traits during season growth were examined. Storing at 5 and 10 °C showed the highest carbohydrate solution, protein and triglyceride content and highest enzyme activities were observed in 15 and 20 °C treatments. Moreover, during the growing season the plant treated with 5 and 10 °C showed higher growth rate and earlier flowering time. Overall, according to the results, to achieve high quality and rapid flowering, storage temperature of 5 or 10 °C are recommended in hyacinth bulbs before planting.

Breeding and production of new varieties of ornamental plants as well as their propagation and developing are an expanding industry. Researches find it necessary to increase the genetic variation in Lilium, because of value of this ornamental plant as the fourth cut flower in the world. The present study was carried out to investigate gamma radiation effects on in vitro mutation induction in Lilium. ISSR markers were used to determine genetic variation in resulting explants. Thin cell layer (TCL) explants were treated with 2, 6 and 10 Gy of gamma rays. Treated explants were cultured in MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l NAA. Results showed all treatments induced genetic diversity, but the optimal dose was 2 Gy, because of increase diversity and survival rate of explants. The results confirmed the efficiency of ISSR markers for detection of genetic variations. Furthermore, the results suggested that mutatants induced by gamma irradiation are not only as a source for genetic variations but also as a useful tool for early selection of desirable mutants by breeders.

Eremurus is one of the rhizome plants, which has beautiful and unique flowers with high ornamental value. Unfortunately, despite the preciousness of its native species, the information about its diversityare insufficient. The aim of this study was to introduce the most effective methods for germination and overcoming dormancyof the seeds of the Eremurus kopetdaghensis M. Pop ex B. Fedtsch. And the Eremurus luteus Baker and introduce the most suitable species for Iran. To achieve the most suitable location to increase germination, survival and overcoming the dormancy of seeds, they were subjected to pre-treatment of physical stimulation including seed soaking for 72 hours, seed integument and hormonal treatment of gibberellic acid 10 ppm. Then they were potted in soil in three locations: Kojour, National Botanical Garden of Iran with variable temperature and refrigerator (4 ° C) for 30 days. Results showed that gibberellic acid 10 ppm and low temperatures were needed to break the dormancy and increase germination and winter cold caused a delay in germination and increased seed germination percentage. In Eremurus kopetdaghensis with germination percentage 70, germination speed 7.5, seed vigor 7.23 and in Eremurus luteus with germination percentage 55, germination speed 8.789 and seed vigor 10.15 in Kojour and respectively in Eremurus kopetdaghensis 42.6, 8.9, 5.56 and in Eremurus luteus 40, 9.6, 11.06 in National Botanical Garden of Iran. In Eremurus kopetdaghensis 33.3, 0.31, 0.56 and in Eremurus luteus were 45.33, 0.72, and 3.65 in the refrigerator. There was a significant difference in comparison with control treatment. Comparison between the two species showed that the seed vigorous power of Eremurus luteus was higher than of Eremurus kopetdaghensis in all three locations and it can be used to propagate in similar climates.

Lilium is one of the most important cut flowers in the world. The key to successful production of this flower is the use of flower bulbs with proper size and quality. In this research, the growth and development of scale bulblet of Lilium under deficiency conditions of some micro-elements that affect photosynthetic capacity of plant (iron, boron, manganese and molybdenum) were studied. Three different sizes of scale bulblet were irrigated with six different nutrient solutions and were studied along with control treatment. Results showed that during the production period of yearling bulblet, if scale bulblets have small diameter (less than 12 mm), it is necessary to add micro-elements into nutrient solution. Therefore, it should provide the minimum requirement of the plant for micro-elements based on nutrient solution which is typically the Hoagland solution. While, large scale bulblets (over 13 mm to 20 mm) compensated the deficiency of micro-elements especially iron and manganese, and the plants produced had the potential for photosynthesis to increase the size of yearling bulblet. Therefore, it is suggested that two iron and manganese elements and 15 mm in diameter of scale bulblets should be used to produce flower bulbs.

Iran is one of the countries which have dry lands. Soil dryness is one of the environmental stresses, which, decreases water absorption by roots, also causes problem in plants nutrition and metabolic process. In many cases, due to lack of water or soil moisture, it is not possible to create a landscape with common species. Therefore, the introduction of low-expected plants in the landscape will help to optimize the water useage. Therefor, the research was planed to investigate the morphological and physiological parameters of green covers (Phyla nodiflora L. and Frankenia thymifolia Desf.) under different treatments of irrigation and salt stress to determine their tolerance to drought and salt stress. The experiment was conducted in the form of factorial using completely randomized design, with 12 treatments in 5 replications. Treatments contained 4 salt levels (0.5 ds/m as control, 3, 6 & 9 dSm-1) and 3 irrigation levels (100% as control, 75% & 50% of field capacity). Results indicated that different characteristics, including visual quality, shoots length, leaf area, fresh and dry weights, amount of chlorophyll and photosynthesis, were decreased under water and salt stress. Morphological characteristics of Phyla and Frankenia were similar under different treatments of low irrigation and salt stress. Although visual quality of both green covers was affected under different salt and water stresses, but Phyla was more tolerant compared to Frankenia. Amount of chlorophyll and photosynthesis were decreased with reducing water percentage of field capacity and increasing salt stress. Highest amount of chlorophyll and photosynthesis were in 100% of field capacity and 0.5 dSm-1 of salt stress and lowest amounts were in 50% of field capacity and 9 dSm-1 of salt stress. Results showed that Phyla and Frankenia green covers are not high tolerant to sever drought and salt stress.