Critical Comments in Biomedicine
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Winter-Spring 2020

Inflammation is a process that occurs in early phase of recovery in which immune system recognizes and removes immunological stimuli. Many chronic diseases have inflammation based pathogenesis. Several studies used soy and soy products for reducing inflammatory biomarkers.

The purpose of the present systematic review and meta - analysis of randomized clinical trials is to determine the effects of soy and soy products on inflammatory biomarkers.

The following databases will be investigated for randomized controlled trials published until October 2019 to evaluate the effects of soybean and soy products on the inflammatory biomarkers in healthy subjects and patients with high inflammatory biomarkers: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Google scholar.Two independent investigators (M.R and F.M) wi ll screen the title and the abstract of included articles. Mean and standard deviation (SD) or standard error (SE) for outcomes will be extracted. The quality of studies will be assessed by Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. STATA software will be used to do a st andard statistical analysis. A subgroup analysis will be applied to find out potential sources of inter - study heterogeneity. A Random - effects model will be conducted to calculate pooled effect size. A fixed - effect model will be incorporated to estimate the between - subgroup heterogeneity. Moreover, sensitivity analyses, Egger's regression asymmetry test and Begg's rank - correlation methods will be conducted.

We will try to find a major number of articles about the effectiveness of soy and soy product s on inflammatory biomarkers. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF - α ), interleukine 6 (IL - 6), interleukine 2 (IL - 2), interleukine 1 - β (IL - 1 β ), interferon - gamma (IFN - γ ) and Interleukine 10 (IL - 10) are considered to be the outcome.

The findings of this s ystematic review and meta - analysis may provide evidence on the effectiveness and safety of soy and soy products for reducing inflammation

 Social life can be affected by skin condition. Acne Vulgaris (AV) is a multi - factorial skin disorder that affects many people . Several dietary factors are associated with AV.

Different finding s on glycemic indices led us to investigate the effect of the dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) on AV by a systematic review and meta - analysis.

Observational studies and clinical trials were extracted from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The mean ± Standard division ( SD ) for acne grading in clinical trials and the mean ± SD GI or GL of the diet for observational studies were used for meta - analysis.

We found that n ine out of 15 studies were eligible for systematic review clinical trials (N = 3) and observational studies ( N = 6) designs . T he meta - analysis of t hree studies clinically assessed the effect of GI/GL on acne and showed that a diet with lower GI/GL reduce d the acne severity (Hedges’g = - 0.91, 95% CI: - 1.57, - 0.25, P = 0.007). The analysis of six observational studies showed that dietary habit with higher GI might not affect the acne severity in patients with AV (He dges’g = 0.07, 95%CI: - 0.23, 0.38, P = 0.636), but individuals with higher acne severity had a diet with higher GL (Hedges’g = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.01, 1.26, P = 0.045).

Diet, as a part of life style , is associated with AV. Adherence to lower GL diet may reduce the severity of AV. Further well - designed clinical trials are required to confirm these results

Researchers should seek applicable solutions and appropriate opportunities to solve or ravage barriers and limitations that worsen diabetes self - management and outcomes. Objective s : The ai m of this critical review and research synthesis was to explore whether the enhancement of nutritional literacy can optimize diabetes self - management and to identify barriers and limitations that obstacle diabetes self - management and to suggest the best av ailable solutions and opportunities that were tailored to eliminate these barriers.

Data sources were PubMed and Medline databases. Studies were authorized if they were in English, used an observational or interventional design and were tailored b ased on the individual's nutritional knowledge or literacy in diabetes management among patients with diabetes. Databases were searched from February 1988 to December 2018. In order to evaluate the studies' quality, the a bstracts that met PICO criteria for qualitative studies underwent dual review for data extraction. A qualitative synthesis was also conducted and t he GRADE criteria were used to evaluate the quality of studies.

A structured inventory consisted of six constructs (socioeconomic deter minants, cultural determinants, education, access to health care services, family structure, and thoughts and p ersonal practices) was desi gned based on the barriers and limitations. As a result, 151 solutions and opportunities were proposed. Most repeated solutions that were frequently suggested to eliminate the existing barriers, were: “The access t o optimal nutrition and health literacy”, “Improved health care services”, “Health policies of governments”, “Sustainable lifestyle - based healthcare system”, “P roper implementation of nutritional intervention programs”, and “Comprehensive culturally sensitive diabetes education, and care programs”.

Identif ication and classif ication barriers and limitations to obstacle diabetes self - management are crit ical advances in accomplishing the interventions that can improve optimal diabetes outcomes , for different diabetic societies . Well - designed nutrition literacy intervention programs and preventive procedures may ameliorate the health status in diabetic pop ulation.

Cancer is a global problem and causes lots of deaths across the world. Due to the high cost of manufacturing and developing new drugs, there is more willingness to use medications t hat may have anti - neoplastic effects.

Antipsychotic drugs have a long history of clinical use. Currently, there are several reports about the anti - cancer effects of antipsychotic drugs in different types of malignancies.

In this stud y, the effects and mechanisms of several antipsychotic drugs on different types of cancer were investigated. The current investigations show that some antipsychotic drugs might inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and some others can be used to ease the symptoms caused by cancer.

T he anticancer effects of all antipsychotic drugs haven’t been thoroughly investigated and it is reported that few drugs may reverse the effects and increase the risk of neoplasm.

Although some studies have revealed that antipsychotic drugs might beneficially affect cancer cells, high quality clinical trials are still needed to confirm these results.

Functio nal Gastrointestinal Diseases ( FGIDs ) impose a huge health burden , and lead to metabolic and mental disorders, impaired social function and productivity, reduced quality of life, higher total mortality and health care cost . Beverages are one of the major c omponents of habitual dietary habits that may influence the symptoms of FGIDs.

The purpose of this study was to review the effect of frequent dietary fluids on common causes of FGIDS including functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and functional constipation (FC) .

A literature search was done using the following search engine s : PubMed, Google S cholar and ISI web of science with the following search terms “beverage s ”, tea”, “caff eine”, “coffee”, “milk”, “water”, “fruit juice”, “carbonated beverage”, “constipation”, “irritable bowel syndrome”, “gastroesophageal reflux disease”, “dyspepsia”,.

In this review, 85 studies were evaluated . It was shown that to higher intakes of caffeinated drinks, fruit juice, milk, soft drinks and carbonated beverages a re associated with aggravating symptoms in GERD, IBS and FD. The data on the relation between water consumption with GERD, IBS and FD a re limited and inconsistent. However, consu mption of fruit juices and water was related to an improvement in constipation.

Fluid intake can be effective in the management of FGIDs symptoms. However, further investigation on the role of various fluids consumption on symptoms of FGIDS is required

Critical patients admitted to the intensive care unit ( ICU ) might experience some degree of depression or anxiety , due to different treatments and medications they receive . These mental conditions can persist even years after hospital discharge . Therefore, the mental health of these patients is one of the particular interest s . In this context, religious traditions and prayers are considered during the illness process. Objec tives: The current article reviews the beneficial effects of prayer in light of research conducted in this area.

A general search for electronic databases ( Medline, Science Direct and S pringer databases) was developed . The human studies of the influence of prayers in critically ill patients were evaluated .

The results indicated that prayer might be effective in reducing the severity of the disease in patients admitted to intensive care units and it has a positive e ffect on critical ICU patients.

It is recommended that a prayer - based approach be taken to improve the mental health of these patients in a clinical setting