Journal of Advanced Periodontology and Implant Dentistry
Volume:12 Issue: 1, Jun 2020

Maintaining periodontal health in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment is crucial. Biotype is a substantial factor to be considered in this regard. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the scientific evidence with respect to the relationship between biotype and marginal periodontal alterations induced by orthodontic interventions.

The electronic search was conducted for pertinent studies at three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane up to August 1, 2019 based on a detailed protocol according to the PRISMA statement. The authors also completed a hand search in six dental journals and the bibliographic list of the relevant studies.

Of 1512 citations retrieved through the electronic search, 602 were duplicate entries. Evaluating titles, abstracts, and full texts, 8 articles succeeded the inclusion criteria; however, no relevant studies was found through hand searching. The evidence suggested that recession was negatively associated with the thickness of the facial margin. These findings are more evident in proclination and using fixed appliances.

The existing evidence suggests that orthodontic therapy may result in small detrimental effects to the periodontium, especially in patients with thin biotype. However, due to the limited investigations and their inconsistent methodology, further well-designed prospective studies are needed.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of acellular dermal matrix allograft (ADMA) for the treatment of gingival recession as a substitute for subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG).

In this controlled clinical trial, 18 teeth of 9 subjects with bilateral gingival recession were selected. One side was treated by SCTG and coronally displaced flap as a controlled group and the other side was treated by ADMA and coronally displaced flap as the test group. Probing Pocket Depth(PPD), clinical attachment level, vertical recession depth, recession width, gingival thickness، keratinized tissue width and the root coverage percentage were measured, before the surgery and 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgery. Healing index, pain index, and patient satisfaction were also under investigation. The results obtained from the study were statistically analyzed by the General Linear Model repeated measures and paired T-test.

According to the results, all parameters were improved except probing pocket depth, but the comparison between the groups was not statistically significant. Only root coverage percentage and pain index were statistically significantly less in the test group. The average percentage of root coverage in the control and test groups were respectively 82.01% 16.62% and 64.44% 9.4%.

The aim of the study was to evaluate osteopromotive ability of human tooth powder and compare it to a bovine xenograft, a synthetic material and the DFDBA allograft.

This was an in vitro study. 30 teeth without caries, inflammation, infection, which have been extracted due to orthodontic reasons, have been gathered. The crowns were removed and they were treated with pulpectomy and then grinded to a powder with particles less than 500 microns. Osteoblast-like cells of MG-63 was cultured with tooth powder, Cerabone, DFDBA and Osteon II. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT test in 24 and 72 hours. The Alizarin red test was done after 3 and 5 days. To assess the osteoblastic activity, amount of Alkaline Phosphatase was measured in 24, 48 and 72 hours. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVO analysis.

According to the MTT test, all of the materials had a higher proliferation rate than the control group in 24 hours. In 72 hours, DFDBA with concentrations of 40 and 80 mg/ml had the lowest cell proliferation rate. DFDBA and the positive control group was able to create calcified nodules by Alizarin red test. In 48 and 72 hours, DFDBA with concentration of 40 mg/ml had the lowest alkaline phosphatase activity. In 72 hours, bovine xenograft had the highest alkaline phosphatase level and the synthetic material and tooth powder were after that.

Tooth powder was able to increase cell proliferation in comparison with the bovine xenograft, the synthetic graft and the DFDBA. However, its osteopromotive ability was less than the osteogenic materials.

Periodontitis can lead to a progressive destruction of periodontal tissues supporting the tooth. Developing biomaterials for tissue engineering has noticeably improved the existing treatment options. The present study investigated the gelatin-hydroxyapatite nanofibers as promising scaffolds for guided tissue regeneration (GTR).

The scaffolds were prepared through electro-spinning technique and then the physic-chemical properties and the cytotoxic effect (on dental derived mesenchymal stem cells) were assessed.

The nano-scaffolds were successfully prepared with mono-dispersed nano-scale diameter (102 ± 0.10 nm), negative surface charge (-20 ± 0.17 mV) and uniform network-shaped morphology. The treatment of the mesenchymal stem cells was derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) with gelatin-hydroxyapatite nanofibers showed that the prepared scaffolds revealed a great proliferative effect. Besides, the applied method can be used to prepare fiber-based structures via other polymeric materials.

Incorporating different materials to decrease the degradation rate of the fibers can match with the speed of tissue regeneration. In this case, the prepared nanofibers can be applied as a membrane biomaterial.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of bone level implants in comparison with tissue level implants on dental papilla dimensions in single tooth implants.

In the present clinical trial study, 50 patients, 24 women (48%) and 26 men (52%) were selected among patients who had requested for single implants in the posterior area of the jaws. The subjects were divided into two groups (n=25). The first group was treated by the bone level implant (Implantium , Dentium, Korea) and the latter was treated by the tissue level implant (Implantium, Dentium, Korea). None of the implants were loaded during this time period and only the Healing effect was measured. All implants underwent one-stage surgery (none submerge) and healing abutments were placed after implantation.The measurements of papilla height in both mesial and distal aspects of adjacent tooth were measured. Periodontal probe was used to measure from the top of papilla to the CEJ of adjacent tooth in tow time periods. Descriptive statistics were performed using tables and using Shapiro-Wilk, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and independent t-tests.

The findings showed that interdental papilla in TL single implant performed better than BL implant in three months interval. This difference was statistically significant on mesial side but not on distal side. However, this difference was not clinically significant.

Comparing papilla dimensions in two types of implants revealed that papilla formations in TL implants were better than BL implants in three months period after surgery.

This study aimed to assess the association of haptoglobin (HP) and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) alleles with the presence of heme-consuming periodontal pathogens in a group of Iranian patients with chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis.

This cross-sectional study evaluated 69 eligible chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis patients selected from Shahid Beheshti Dental School. Periodontally diseased individuals had to have at least 3 teeth with clinical attachment loss ≥ 3 mm/probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 3 mm in at least two quadrants. Peri-implant PPD of at least one site had to be ≥ 5 mm with or without suppuration/bleeding on probing. Plaque index > 20% and radiographic crestal bone loss had to be present in at least one site around the implant. The paper point method was used for sampling from the deepest periodontal/peri-implant pocket of each tooth or implant for the DNA checkerboard hybridization technique. Statistical analyses were performed with PASW Statistics 18.0. The variables were presented as absolute and relative frequencies (%).

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) score 1-2 was 5.8 times more frequent in HP 2, rs1723540 G and rs2276631 G alleles. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) score 1-2 was 4.8 times more common in people carrying HP 2, rs1723540 G and rs2276631 G alleles compared with HP 1, rs1723540 A and rs2276631 A alleles.

Within the limitations of this study, it seems that there is a relationship between HP and NRAMP1 allele frequencies and presence of heme-consuming periodontal pathogens in Iranian patients with chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis.

Immediate implant placement has advantages such as time saving, optimal soft tissue architecture preservation and patient acceptance. In this case prior to implant placement, minimal guided bone regeneration was performed to augment the concavity on the apico-labial aspect of fractured maxillary right lateral incisor. After 8 months this tooth was extracted and an implant immediately inserted and provisional composite based crown was delivered in the same appointment. After 4 months well molded mid-facial gingiva and inter-proximal papilla were obtained and definitive metal ceramic crown was fabricated.