International Journal of Nutrition Sciences
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Mar 2020

Strawberry fruit has been studied to have a good effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It has been demonstrated that interventions with various doses of strawberry fruit in preparations such as consumed intact, cooled, extracted and even processed in the powder can provide good benefits against T2DM and to improve insulin sensitivity, blood vessel inflammation and endothelial dysfunction and to reduce blood sugar. This review explains how the antioxidants in strawberries can directly affect type 2 diabetes mellitus biomarkers, especially in T2DM model mice and rats.

The prevalence of schizophrenia is increasing every year. Schizophrenia also causes other problems because of the risk of experiencing malnutrition. The study aims to determine the description of the Body Mass Index (BMI) and analyze its relationship withdemographic variables in schizophrenic patients. This study involved outpatients (n=117) aged 36.83±9.29 (mean±SD) years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia based on PPDGJIII (Pedoman Penggolongan Diagnosis Gangguan Jiwa III) criteria, which came use for treatment at a mental hospital. The study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from interviews in term of sociodemographic data, medical records, weight measurements, and height. BMI categories were underweight ( Overall, the prevalence of obesity was 39.3%, while underweight was 6.8%. The proportion of obesity was the same between men (19.7%) and women (19.7%). Spearman correlation test analysis showed a significant relationship between female gender and BMI (r=0.275; P<0.05). Schizophrenic patients with female gender had a BMI of 2.41 units higher than male sex, and this relationship was statistically significant (b=2.41;95% CI: 0.78-4.03; P<0.05). The prevalence of obesity was quite high in schizophrenic patients who were on an outpatient basis. Gender was a significant predictor of increased BMI. This study suggests that gender can be a risk factor for obesity in schizophrenic patients.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease which has high morbidity and mortality rates every year. Indonesia has 10.3 million people with diabetes mellitus (DM) in 2017 and becomes the top country for DM worldwide. This study assessed factors affecting fasting blood glucose levels in patients with T2DM. Totally, 210 patients with T2DM participated in a cross sectional study. Inclusion criteria were patients suffering from T2DM aged 20-60 years old and lived in Purbalingga and Banjarnegara regencies. Nutritional status was determined using body weight and height, psychological stress by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), smoking habit by a questionnaire and intake of potassium using a 24 hour recall questionnaire. Blood glucoselevels were measured by hexokinase method. A correlation between BMI (P=0.02), smoking habits (P=0.04) and potassium intake (P=0.02) with fasting blood glucose levels was noted in T2DM patients; whereas, psychological stress (P=0.85) was not correlated with fasting blood glucose levels. These findings revealed that body mass index (BMI), smoking habits and potassium intake had positive correlation with fasting blood glucose levels in patients with T2DM.

Malnutrition is prevalent among critically ill patients. Previous studies confirmed calorie and protein intake inadequacy in ill patients. In this study, we evaluated the ICU nurses’ knowledge about enteral feeding (EF) as a possible cause of inadequate intake in critically ill patients. All 140 ICU nurses were asked to complete the questionnaire about EF knowledge, while the cut-off point of good knowledge was set at 75%. Out of 140 ICU nurses, 101 completed the questionnaire, while 9.9%, 38.6%, 45.5% and 6% of the nurses had <25%, 25-50%, 50-75% and <75% knowledge about EF, respectively. Most of ICU nurses did not have a good EF knowledge and this can lead to inadequacy of calorie and protein intake in patients. Therefore, increasing the nurses’ knowledge about the importance and correct method of EF through education as an interventional method is recommended.

Infected and unpasteurized dairy is one of the most important ways to transfer zoonotic diseases like Malta fever. In order to prevent this disease, milk and dairy products should be pasteurized. The purpose of this study was to survey the awareness, attitude and people’s function about milk and dairy products consumption in Ardabil, Iran. In a descriptive randomized study, 300 people who came to health centers of Ardabil, Iran were enrolled. Data collection was undertaken by a questionnaire and analyzed. The correlation between participants’ awareness about milk transmitted diseases and educational level, occupation, milk type and storing time and way of consumption were significant. No significant correlation was noticed between income and amount of milk consumption, disease transmission and method of milk boiling and storing and the boiling time, and educational level, and awareness about benefits of milk. Common way for milk consumption among Ardabil families was drinking and its amount was lower than the recommended amount for each individual. The most important factors affecting milk consumption were educational level and job. It seems that designing and performing some policies and functional programs in order to increase the milk consumption as a culture should be considered.

Moringa oleifera is the plant with high antioxidative, antiinflammatoryand neuroprotective effects. The concentration capability is important component of cognitive function development on adolescents. This study aimed to assess M. oleifera leaf cookies for enhancing concentration capability on adolescents. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 53 adolescents aged 13-15 years assigned into 3 groups receiving M. oleifera cookies at dose of 5 g, 10 g and the control group. The administration was during 14 days. Concentration ability was measured by Kraeplin test performed by ULAPSI Sebelas Maret University, physical activity was measured by physical activity questionnaire, anxiety by Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HARS), and food intake by food recall 24-hours. The concentration ability slightly decreased among the control group (P=0.65). The concentration ability among both M. oleifera groups receiving doses of 5 and 10 g increased after 14 days treatment (P=0.001). There was no difference score of concentration ability between M. oleifera cookies at dose of 5 g and 10 g and control in 7th day (P=0.92) and 14th day (P=0.23). Only cookies consumption and age showed association with concentration ability, while BMI, physical activity, and food intake didnot reveal any correlation. The administration of M. oleifera cookies at doses of 5 and 10 g during 14 days can improve the concentration ability of male adolescents aged 13-15 years.