International Journal of Nutrition Sciences
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Jun2018

The beneficial effects of Omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (n-3) as nutritional components is related to its anti-inflammatory effects. In spite of anti-inflammatory effects, controversial results of omega-3 fatty acids have been observed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). This systematic review was undertaken to assess the therapeutic effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on UC. A search in PubMed database with specified MeSH terms was conducted and the RCT was selected that were published up to November 12th, 2017 and in English language evaluating the effect of oral supplementation of n-3 fatty acids in adult Patients suffering from active and inactive UC. The trials assessing the improvement of UC and reporting the index as a result (8 trials), but trials with consumption of dietary supplements enriched with n-3 fatty acids were excluded. These trials evaluated the improvement of UC through intervention by using n-3 fatty acids with different outcomes such as clinical response, disease activity index (DAI), endoscopic and histology scores, reduction in corticosteroids consumption in patients achieving remission after treatment and time in remission. The evaluation data indicated reduction in corticosteroids dosage in UC patients during fish oil treatment in all three related trials that assessed this index. Only one of these trials reported statistical significant changes in dosage requirement of corticosteroids. Based on controversial results that were obtained from this systematic review, it was not expressed conclusively that taking omega -3 PUFA supplements in the treatment of UC is helpful and need more studies in this field.

The purpose of this paper was to illustrate and to assess the Islamic perspective of nutrition and food security in the light of Quran. Quran is a book of social guidance, politics, law, principles and science. Quran has nutrition and food security related clear messages. There are 64 nutritional keywords and 257 nutritional verses (Ayahs) are in Quran. The aliment, eating, water/drinking words, and their derivatives are repeated 171, 109, and 131 times, respectively. In Quran 19 plants are mentioned. Allah tells people that he feeds people, preventing hunger, and provides safety and peace, keeping them from fear. However, this condition of change in sustenance was associated in the Quran with various accounts related either to Allah’s management or to people’s works. Quran’s message is clear on breastfeeding, healthy eating, food safety and hygiene, distribution of food, availability of food and utilization. There are eight verses of the Quran on mother's milk. Breast feeding is mandated by Allah for two years which has been proven to be extremely important to the infant's in terms of body growth, intellectual development and enhancement of psychosocial bonding. Father is responsible for wet nursing to finance. Allah allows and orders people to care about food quality in all forms and stages of handling: from choosing soil for cultivation, storing pure food, to eating fresh food or using food wisely and food adulteration is prohibited. The recommendation would be to use information from Quran for better nutritional outcome at target Muslim communities.

Diabetes is among the set of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a long period of time. Diabetes mellitus is categorized into four general types: type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes, and "other specific types". According to the World Health Organization, the international occurrence of diabetes is about 10%, reaching up to 33% of the inhabitants in some areas. In recent years, there has been an increased attention to pro-and prebiotics among the public and in the medical community due to their probable role in improving health especially in prevention and treatment of diabetes. A probiotic is considered typically as a viable microbial dietary supplement that positively affects the host through its impacts in the intestinal tract. Therefore, we aimed to carry out a review article about the proposed roles and healthcare potentials of probiotics in controlling and management of diabetes as well as reaching a comprehensive conclusion in this field.

Systemic lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease affecting physical, psychological and social well-being of patients and their quality of life (QoL). Obesity is a growing public health problems and its rate and risk of disability is higher in SLE patients than general population. In this study, we assessed the correlation between body composition in patients with SLE and their quality of life aspects.
Fifty-six adult women with SLE who attend in Rheumatology Research Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were enrolled. Most of patients were on low to medium steroid doses. Their height (cm), weight (kg), Body Mass Index (BMI), percentage of body fat and fat free mass (kg) were measured. Demographic data, physical activity, disease duration, and medications were obtained through patient self -report questionnaire. For evaluating the QoL in patients with SLE, validated Iranian version of short form 12 (SF-12) questionnaire was used.
there was significant correlation between BMI over 25 and bodily pain. There was not any significant relation between other aspects of QoL (physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, general health, social functioning, vitality and mental health) and BMI over 25 in patients with SLE.
There is a correlation between BMI over 25 and experiencing more pain (which is a marker of QoL) in women with SLE.

The risk of malnutrition is increased in elderly because of insufficient food intake, debilitating diseases, social loneliness, and economical limitations. It not only increases the susceptibility to the development of diseases, but it also decreases quality of life (QOL)in the absence of proper intervention. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and to identify socio-demographic variables which may be associated with malnutrition in elderly members of Jahandidegan Council, Shiraz, Iran. In a cross-sectional study, 180 elderly of Jahandidegan Council were selected through simple random sampling. Following obtaining informed consent, data was collected via two questionnaires of socio-demographic and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and then statistically analyzed. About 1% of the elderly population were malnourished and 13% were at the increased risk of malnutrition. While lower educational level was found to be associated with poor nutritional status of the elderly, no significant association was observed between age, sex, marital status or previous occupation and malnutrition. Regarding the importance of malnutrition in elderly individuals, designing and developing a comprehensive nutrition education program for this vulnerable group is required to enhance their knowledge and nutritional skill and to improve their QOL.

Non-adherence of hemodialysis patients to their recommended diet, and limitations on fluid intake, leads to the production of toxic substances and metabolites in the bloodstream, which can increase the risk of mortality in these patients. This study evaluated the adherence to dietary and liquid intake recommendations in hemodialysis patients. One hundred and four hemodialysis patients were evaluated for dietary intake and adherence to dietary recommendations. Their diatary practice was evaluated using a 95-item food frequency questionnaire, and the Dialysis Diet and Fluid Nonadherence Questionnaire (DDFQ) questionnaire was used to assess non-adherence to dietary and fluind intake reommendations. The amount of weight gain between two sessions of dialysis and biochemical parameters of the patients was also measured. Statistical analysis was performend using SPSS version 22. Approximately 21.8% and 34.7% of patients did notadhere to their diet and of fluid intake recommendations. The rate of non-adherence to fluid intake recommendations were higher than the dietary recommendations. Protein intake of the patients was at an expected level, but their potassium intake was higher than the requirement of these patients. The number of days of non- adherence to the diet was less than that of the fluid intake recommendations. Also, the degree of non-adherence were more severe for diatary recommendations, compared to fluin intake limitations.

There is growing evidence on the importance of healthy and balanced diet in human health. Many health disorders are related to inadequate or excessive intakes of micronutrients. Estimation of their daily intakes is, therefore, necessary to evaluate the risks of deficiency or toxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the dietary intakes of micronutrients by the healthy adult population of Shiraz, Iran.
Duplicate portions of all the meals (breakfasts, lunches, and dinners) prepared for patients with no dietary restriction were taken from the kitchen at Namazi Hospital in Shiraz, Iran during seven consecutive days. They were accurately weighed and broken down into their ingredients according to the kitchen recipes. The nutrient content of the food components and whole meals were calculated using US Food Composition Table (FCT). The results were then compared with their respective Recommended Daily Allowance Values (RDAs).
Daily dietary intakes of potassium, calcium, magnesium, folate, biotin, and vitamin C were lower than the recommended levels. The intakes of other micronutrients were found to be close to or higher than the recommendations. The nutrients with highest intakes were manganese, iron, vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B12. Compared to the lunch and dinner, breakfast provided the lowest percentage of micronutrients.
Regular monitoring of nutritional intakes of adult population is helpful for identification of nutritional inadequacies, possible consequences and interventions. More precise and comprehensive studies are required to provide data on the issue which can feed into nutritional plans and policies.

Bariatric surgery is the most effective intervention for treatment of severe obesity and patient’s adherence to self-management behaviors are essential to reduce complications after surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of bariatric surgery self-management behaviors questionnaire (BSSQ) in Iranian population.
From December 2016 till June 2016, all obese patients who underwent laparoscopic obesity surgery in Shiraz Ghadir Mother and Child Hospitalwere were enrolled. Their demographic characteristics, BSSQ, General Adherence Scale (GAS), and the Specific Adherence Scale (SAS) questionnaires were collected. The content, structural and simultaneous validity and factor analysis were determined using GAS and SAS questionnaires.
According to psychometric factors including eating behaviors, fluid intake, vitamin and mineral supplement intake, fruits, vegetables, whole grain and protein intake, physical activity and dumping syndrome management, 6 factors could explain 61.5% of BSSQ. Total score of correlation matrix BSSQ with GAS and SAS were 0.36 and 0.70. Forreliability, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found 0.90 and Guttmann split-half coefficient was 0.78.
BSSQ was shown to have an acceptable validity and reliability to be used for assessing the bariatric surgery self-management behaviors in Iranian population.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) known as one of the most common diseases in the world. In order to apply the most appropriate antibiotics in the UTI therapy, studies on the vicinity of the epidemiology of common bacterial agents and determining their antibiotic resistance patterns are essential for physicians in different areas. In this study, the distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of urinary tract infection in southern Iran was verified.
511 suspected patients to UTIs referred to Fasa hospitals, south of Iran, were studied. The frequency of isolated bacteria and their resistance to common antibiotics in the UTIs therapy were investigated.
Out of 497 patients with bacterial UTIs, 8 types of bacterial species were isolated.The main isolated bacteria from both males and females was Escherichia coli (88.6%).Also, high rate of antibiotic resistance was shown in males rather than females. The highest antibiotic resistance of E. coli was found to nalidixic acid in men (86.8%) and the lowest antibiotic resistance was referred to ciprofloxacin in women (38.1%). Most susceptible cases to E. coli was detected for ciprofloxacin antibiotic (52.2% in women and 45.7% in men). Surprisingly, high antibiotic resistance was also observed in children aged 1 year or less.
The high resistance of the first-generation fluoroquinolones (nalidixic acid) in UTIs treatment, seem to be not logical, whilst, the second-generation fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) is nearly still recommended in Fasa region.