Archives Of Occupational Health
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Apr 2020

activity in hot environments is among the most common physical dangers in work environments that not only creates diseases resultant from heat which influences on staff’s health but also increases job injuries and accidents. Job injuries, diseases, and reduction in workers' efficiency in exposure to heat stress have caused increasing anxiety. Most of the study results are demonstrative of diseases as a result of heat and less related to job injuries and accidents. Therefore, the present study aims at reviewing previous studies in the field of job injuries and accidents in exposure to the work environment's heat stress.

this review study has systematically reviewed publications and articles from 2000 to 2019 in databases. Keywords including "heat stress”, “heat strain”, “heat exposure”, “heat wave", "heat injuries”, “job accidents”, “job exposure”, “hot environment” and “air change" have been used and finally, 30 articles included into the study.

study articles consist of 29 jobs and 1 military environment. Study occupations consist of one study about military forces, textile, aluminum smelting, cleaners of oil reservoirs, two studies about mineworkers and metal and iron industries, three studies about building workers, four studies about agricultural workers and 15 studies about different occupations. Also, 11 studies conducted in open environments, seven studies in closed environments and 12 others conducted both in open and closed environments. 17 analytical studies, three correlational, cross-sectional, cohort studies, one cohort, and descriptive study and two descriptive-analytical studies have been conducted. Most job injuries and accidents happened during summer and men especially the young have involved in such problems and job injuries and accidents have increased due to extreme temperature increase. Generally, job injuries and accidents include burn, slip, collision with things and collision with mobile things.

there is a strong relationship between temperature in hot environments and risk increase in injuries and accidents of work environments which differ based on employees' features (such as age, gender, occupation, and industry). However, dominant mechanisms on the happening of such injuries have not been determined yet. It necessitates more expertise to determine especial injuries and accidents happening in hot environments. Policymakers and employers have to be more aware of job injuries and accidents in heat exposure and suitable educational resources have to be provided to prevent such injuries.

X-ray is a type of radiation that their harmful effects on human health have been confirmed. The use of radiation in hospitals and medical centers for diagnostic, therapeutic, and research tasks is inevitable and is developing. So, it is essential to measure, evaluate, and control the amount of dose received by radiologists.

In the first phase of this study, using the checklist to study the results of badge film and how to use individual protective equipment in hospitals surveyed in this investigation and in the second phase, using the Radiometer (05-MKS) TERRA model of the x-ray in different departments of the study hospitals was measured.

The maximum dose measured in different departments of hospitals studied by 19 micro Sievert/hour was reported, and in none of the hospitals, the dose has been exceeded. Also, after reviewing the reports of the badge film, it was found that there were no suspicious cases that indicate an excessive receiving dose. The use of protective equipment was as in a way that 52.6 % said they were always using protective equipment, and 43.4 % said they sometimes use it. 3.9 % said they did not use X-ray protection equipment.

Considering that the dose measured in all hospitals of the study is less than the recommended limit proposed by the International Commission for Environmental Protection and the Technical Committee of Iran's Professional Health. So, it is concluded that the radiation protection program is well executed.

Unsafe behavior in industries can be due to different factors. The aim of this study was to predict and model unsafe behavior using a safety atmosphere and cultural attitudes questionnaires.

This study was a descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional examination that analyzed the data and predicted the unsafe behaviors of 90 construction workers using Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in MATLAB R2016a software.

In this study, the model of the safety atmosphere - unsafe behavior and the model of the cultural attitudes - unsafe behavior had the regression coefficients of 0.93373 and 0.9234, respectively. It showed that each of the parameters has a close relationship to the rate of the unsafe behavior. In this regard, a combination of the safety atmosphere and safety attitude parameters for the estimation of the unsafe behaviors achieved the better results with a regression coefficient of 0.9453 which indicates the direct effect of both parameters simultaneously on unsafe behavior.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the neuro-fuzzy model can be used as an appropriate tool for predicting unsafe behavior in the industries.

increasing the number of families with employed men and women leads to changes in families' structure during recent years that these structural changes have disrupted family and work-life balance and have caused family-work conflict. Work-family conflict is an inter-role conflict that has been created due to incompatible pressures in work and family domains. Therefore, the present study aims at investigating work-family conflict among the teachers' population of Shahrekord and its relationship with demographic features.

the present study is descriptive-analytical research, which has been conducted among 346 teachers in Shahrekord in 2019. Carlson Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire used to measure work-family conflict in this study. SPSS v22 has analyzed collected data through Pearson correlation statistical tests, independent t-test, variance analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance.

there is a statistically meaningful relationship between conflict parameters (time, pressure, and behavior) and general conflict (P < 0.01). Time parameter has a more meaningful relationship with public conflict; also, there is no statistically significant relationship between demographic parameters of age, work experience, and income in different levels of conflict (P > 0.05).

generally, the current study revealed that Shahrekord teachers had experienced work-family conflict, in which the main problem was related to the work-family conflict in a way that occupational status intervenes in family life. Also, the time factor has the most effect on the incidence of conflict that is the time which has to be assigned to a work or family field, intervenes in the necessary time for another domain. There was no meaningful relationship between work-family conflict and parameters of age, gender, marital status, work experience, and income, which have been considered in this study.

Musculoskeletal disorders are common consequences of inappropriate computer work conditions. Employees are job groups who spend many office hours working on computers. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among computer users of the health network of Lordegan city and its impact on their daily activities.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and was determined as one of the quantitative researches.  This descriptive-analytical study was performed with the use of systematic random sampling, and the samples were picked from the statistical population of 500 employees of Lordegan Health Network. A sample size of 217 persons was selected, which had at least one year of work experience and at least 3 hours a day working in front of a computer. The Cornell questionnaire was applied in order to specify the rate of pain and discomfort and its effect on the employees' daily activities. Then, the ROSA method was utilized to assess the ergonomics of the office strain rate of users. The results were analyzed with the use of the chi-square test and SPSS v.25 software.

A significant difference was seen between the rate of pain and discomfort and the effect of pain on daily activities in different body parts of computer users based on age, work experience (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between ROSA final score and age variables and work experience (P<0.05). The results of the ROSA evaluation declared that 53.9% of persons were exposed at medium to high-risk levels.

The ROSA method was appropriate for detecting risk factors for office work and was able to identify deficiencies existed in workstations. Concerning the postures and jobs in the office department, the ROSA method was able to identify musculoskeletal disorders of the office employees in health care. The CMDQ questionnaire could determine the rate and effect of pain and discomfort on different body parts for these employees.

Driving accidents are global challenges, especially in developing countries, that have been introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the significant reasons for endangering human health. The most important reasons for driving accidents are the behavior and psychological characteristics of the vehicle driver. Aberrant driving behavior is considered as a major cause of driving accidents. The present study aimed the present study aimed to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on driving errors.

In the present research, 69 young students aged 20-35 years with a driving license were subjects of the study which had at least one-year driving experience and were assessed with the use of Bar-on emotional intelligence (EQ-i) questionnaire (90 questions) and valid Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire (MDBQ). Data analysis was conducted by SPSS version 20, descriptive tables, and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Data analysis indicated that the mean score of emotional intelligence of the tested subjects was 329/62, and the maximum rating of individual errors was related to slips with the score of 21/04. Also, the mean score of their driving behavior was 50/97. There was a significant inverse relation between sub-components problem solving, independence and self-actualization, and driving errors.

Based on the obtained results of this study, it can be concluded that emotional intelligence and its components affected driving errors. This meant that persons with lower levels of emotional intelligence would be more involved in driving errors.

Occupational injuries and work-related disabilities are among the most factors contributing to the creation of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in industry. Improper workstation and poor posture increase fatigue load and, eventually, the appearance of MSDs. In addition to reducing physical strength, MSDs mitigate accuracy, augment the accidents, and reduce job productivity. Hence, the purpose of this research was to assess the risk factors for MSDs in electrical devices assembly workers utilizing Muscle Fatigue Assessment (MFA) and Novel Ergonomic Pos tural Assessment (NERPA).

This study was one cross-sectional descriptive study in the year … and was conducted in one electrical device manufacturing workshop in Khuzestan province along with 84 female workers. 13 jobs and 32 postures were selected in this workshop. Nordic Questionnaire was used to determine the frequency of MSDs. Then, the risk levels were specified in the studied individuals with the use of MFA and NERPA. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software version 16. The statistical methods applied in this study were mean, standard deviation, frequency, frequency percentage, t-test of two independent samples, and correlation coefficient assessment. Furthermore, the significance level of statistical tests was considered to be P<0.05.

Findings obtained from MFA exhibited that the right wrist and waist were with 66.7%, neck and right shoulder were with 60% of workers and NERPA method results mentioned that the right wrist with 67.3% and the waist with 65.4% and neck with 61.3% and the right shoulder with 60.8% were at “very high” level of corrective actions priority, which these actions must be taken immediately. Also, statistical results indicated that there was a significant correlation between the results of Nordic, MFA, and NERPA questionnaires (P<0.05).

Concerning the kind of activity and misuse of support, the highest percentage of risk was evident in the right wrist, waist, and neck. So, a proper design of workstation and implementation of managerial actions were proposed to minimize muscle fatigue. These two methods also had similarities. MFA method was preferred when it was required to assess all body parts. On the other hand, NERPA was applied to determine more details.