نشریه فرماندهی و کنترل
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 7، بهار 1398)

Threat is one the most important key parameters in naval operation command and control systems. Fast dynamic and time constraints which is exist in the nature of the of naval mission make threat evaluation a very complex task for operators who simultaneously experience a large amount of stress and cognitive load. Therefore a kind of decision support system is needed for threat evaluating to help the operators achieving more accurate and reliable results. Threat evaluation process starts with decomposing threat concept to its fundamental element: intent, capability and opportunity and then generating some indexes for analyzing them. In this paper a remarkable conceptual development is proposed for threat evaluation. A novel fundamental element called tolerability is added to the conventional threat elements and some creative indexes designed for evaluating it. Also a new logical approach is used for scoring the threat elements based on real world discrete valued evidences. A decision support system exploring all of these evidences and assign quantitative value to the threat basic elements. Finally a five dimension array used to find a value for threat. The proposed method is tested with a naval scenario the output threat prioritized list of targets compared with experts advices.

In command and control networks, to ensure that the sensors are operational (which is very important); each sensor should be able to evaluate its status and send it to the higher command and control layers. The status of sensors through long distance requires sending large amounts of troubleshooting data for each sensor to higher levels of command and control that receives many data in the top layers of command and control, tenuring network bandwidth and creating overhead for processors. In this paper, an autonomous management framework based on MAPE-K adaptive control loop for controlling and monitoring command and control sensors without creating significant overhead for command and control levels is presented and to reduce the amount of network data exchange between command and control network equipment, a hierarchical approach is proposed for the monitoring phase of this framework. It also uses a proposed XML-based protocol to exchange sensor data with command and control centers, which receives the sensor data with the desired protocol and sends it to the command and control centers by converting it to an XML-based protocol. It also converts the commands received from command and control centers in XML format to the format required by sensors and applies them to sensors. The performance evaluation results show that a small percentage of network bandwidth is allocated to this issue and due to the distribution of the management system, caused little overhead for the processing systems. It is also possible to ensure the accuracy of the sensors performance and complete sensor information can be accessed if needed.

In development systems based on knowledge, knowledge management is a key component of the development strategy. On the other hand, with the advancement of information and communication technologies in the present age, especially in security and disciplinary agencies, knowing is a very big advantage and ignorance will be irreparable weakness. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement the native model of knowledge management, technology and innovation in accordance with the specific conditions and potentials for the establishment of the command and control system in the law enforcement agencies.This paper has been written by reviewing and integrating two trends from the field of management studies with library and documentary methods and using upstream documents and authoritative scientific and empirical sources. The population and the statistical sample were from two elite groups, first group at the level of high-level law enforcement officers, 15 people for depth interviewing to identify the components and indicators of the model and the second group at the level of organizational experts, 66 people were selected to evaluate the model and complete the questionnaires. Data were collected through the software SmartPLS analyzed. Finally, the researchers have explained the role of the five core components of KM in establishment of disciplinary command and control system including human resources, information technology, culture, leadership, and structure, which, against the model outputs, account for 89% of the changes in the disciplinary command and control system are explained by this Five variables. In conclusion, utilizing knowledge can ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of organizations and the internalization of a knowledge-based culture in structure, processes, and manpower. Knowledge management and timely and reliable access to events of the country with the support of modern technologies are among the requirements of disciplinary command and control process and by creating mastery information as a knowledge management product, it has a significant role in identifying threats, analyzing issues, identifying patterns, making decisions and adopting effective measures by planners and decision makers.

In today's wars, with the advent of modern technology in weapons and the diversity of tactics used in them, as well as the implementation and implementation of complex but widespread operational scenarios, we need a thorough and comprehensive doctrine to deal with these threats. National Security and Air Defense is one of the most important sectors in planning for the Air Traffic Management System. In the present study, using descriptive-analytical method using library documents, field observations and surveys to collect data, the statistical population of the study was commanders and managers of different levels who were familiar with CNS-ATM discussions, using the sample method Non-probabilistic quotas of 139 different levels of military management levels were selected as sample population The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0.875. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical tests and one-way analysis of variance. According to the results, the research was applied in a practical way. The results of the research show that the CNS-ATM project in the military organization studied is relatively suitable from the viewpoint of commanders and managers of different levels. If equipped with armed forces, CNS-ATM design has no negative effect on the air safety of the Islamic Republic of Iran. If CNS-ATM is equipped with armed forces, it does not have a negative impact on the airspace of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Also, the results showed that there was a significant difference between the viewpoints of commanders and operational managers with commanders and senior managers and commanders and middle managers.

In developing countries due to the weakness of the strategic planning structure, such as privatization and readiness to join the WTO, there is a growing need for effective strategic thinking. Therefore, developing strategic thinking in managers as one of the key factors in the effectiveness of strategic management process needs more attention. The effectiveness and efficiency of thinking strategies depend on the research and pathology of research in this field. The purpose of the present study is to identify all strategic thinking development research from 1980 to 2019 in valid databases and discover the applications of cognitive science.The type of research method used is Scoping Review, which selected 207 articles based on keywords. By reviewing and refining the searched articles, 76 titles were selected for final analysis. The results of selected research indicate it has focused solely on the influence of one or more factors on the development of strategic thinking, which is generally not as effective as current science practices. Education has been cited as a general development strategy but has not specified how it should be taught. Only a limited number of cognitive sciences have paid attention on this category and merely gave a general overview of this approach. So future researchers can conduct more detailed scientific research using multiple branches of cognitive and emerging sciences in this field to enrich and deepen the development of strategic thinking.

In a near future, preventing the collisions with fixed or moving, alive, and inanimate obstacles will appear to be a serious challenge due to the increased use of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs). Lidar sensors and cameras are usually used in UGV to detect obstacles. We used a fuzzy algorithm in this study to examine the relationship between the obstacles, in which, the degree of confidence in each hypothesis is determined according to the design of the fuzzy system for extracting hypothesis. We proposed a novel approach in this paper, which uses a co-association matrix to gather all the information on targets and tracks generated for the Bayesian algorithm to predict and estimate the classes of obstacles and track them at sequential frames. To do so, the data generated by Lidar sensor and camera were fused by the extended Dempster-Shafer theory. This processed was used to assign the elements of the above mentioned matrix to, simultaneously classify and tract the obstacles in each frame. The simulation results of detecting obstacles revealed the benefits of the proposed method in classifying and tracking the obstacles. , we prepared the raw data and converted them into the probabilistic format to be used in the data fusion algorithms. We studied Lidar and camera raw data fusion layer and examined the process of deriving a hypothesis.