فصلنامه فرهنگ رضوی
سال هشتم شماره 29 (بهار 1399)

One of the important issues in the field of divine names and attributes is God's previous knowledge to his essence before creating possible beings. According to the appearance of the ᷾Imran Ṣᾱbi's narration, Imᾱm Reḍᾱ (A.S) denies God's need for such knowledge that is incompatible with another Imᾱm's narration in which God's knowledge to His essence is affirmed. The commentators of this narration like hadith scholars, philosophers, and mystics disagree in explaining and solving such incompatibility. ʿAllᾱmih Majlisī has mentioned four justifications that all of them can be criticized. Qᾱżī Saʿid Qummī accepts the apparent meaning of Hadith and attributes this knowledge to the level of Unity.  This viewpoint is incompatible with those traditions in which the attributes of essence are affirmed. ʿAllᾱmih Jafarī uses only the principle of identity in jusfying this Hadith and does not accept the attributing this to God's intuitive knowledge. In this article, Mullᾱ Ṣadrᾱ's viewpoint that is based on intuition knowledge and the principle of identity is more compatible with Imᾱm Reḍᾱ's (A.S) Hadith in solving this contradiction.

Sign-semantics is a tool for evaluating how to generate and get meaning in discourse analysis.  This new science, with the backing of classical semiotics, provides the opportunity for signs to appear with new signatures in a forward direction.  In this paper, using a descriptive analytical method, and in order to examine the semantic sign of the discourse of Imam Riḍā (as), the “Prayer asking for rain” was selected for research.  This prayer is due to the nature of narrative discourse, which contains many acts and values, and regarding its semantic sign of governing systems, worth to be considered.  Imam as the heir and flagship of Imamate, like other Imams, has the task of transferring and promoting the concept of Imamate. To realize this, they use a number of obvious and hidden methods, but in the face of Mamūn, like some Imams, he proceed the way of taqīyah, and indirectly induces the concept of their intended meaning, the hegemony of Imamate through the prayer asking for rain.  This research demonstrates the realization of how the ideal hegemony of Imam Riḍā (as) is, namely, the advent of Imamate, and, in order to identify that hegemony, we need a precise tool to deal with the variety of our discourses. Here the sign-semantics analysis, as an accurate tools, can help us realize this.  In this research, various types of discourse systems such as system of action, emotional system and tension system, and concepts for the processing of the concept, transmission of message and communication with the audience were evaluated and shown how Imam Riḍā (as) uses in the prayer, from some discourse systems, and explains the legitimacy of his wilāyat (authority)  and his purified family, and hegemonic discourse of the authority.

The lifestyle of Imam Riḍā (as), which is one of the most popular topics in contemporary research, is more intertwined with family, social, theological, and religious studies, and has not benefited from psychological approaches and appropriate methods in order to depict a more comprehensive statue of his transcendent personality. They have been published with the motives of wisdom, emotional-spiritual status and their privileges among the Imams (as), revival and explanation of Raḍavī culture and sensory compassion. The present study seeks to provide a psychological analysis of Razavi's lifestyle based on Erickson's "life span" perspective. The first purpose of the author is to institutionalize the essence of Raḍavī lifestyle in individual and social emergencies, second, the display, classification, and promotion of public religion at the levels of practical and theoretical culture, and third, the psychological analysis of the research results. The data collection method is based on library-documentary and has been done with qualitative approach and Ericsson's research method of psychological-historical analysis. After extracting the socio-cultural and individual components of Erickson's personality analysis, the characteristics of Imam Riḍā's (as) lifestyle were constructed from the authentic documents and classified according to the mentioned components. The result of the research is that the examples of his identity reflect the beliefs, values and applied sciences and symbols of practical behavior and are the basis of religious, spiritual, moral-social and mental identities and have the ability to be modeled on the public.

Tiling is one of the idealistic ways of painting in the architectural decoration of Iran, at least its historical background dates back to before Islam. In the early Islamic centuries, art of tiling in Iran, because of the increase in the construction of religious buildings, appears as decorations in religious collections. The process of growth and development of the holy shrine has continued throughout the history of Islam and throughout the life of Islamic governments; hence, the type of architecture and its accessories, including tiling, throughout history and periods of Ilkhānī, Timurid, Safavid, Qājār and contemporary period have been done by different styles and methods. During the Qājār period, many developments in art and architecture, especially in the decoration of buildings, occurred. In this period, the painting of the building’s wall found new effects. In this era, the tile designers have inspired from portraiture, photography, postage stamps, western fashions, ancient art traditions of painting, as well as literary, historical, religious, and lithographic. The main purpose of this article is to get familiar with Qājār period tiles in the holy shrine and to adapt the miracle of the lion’s attack to Hamid Ibn Mehrān on the front of the eastern porch of the Atiq courtyard with similar lithographic prints. The question is what are the topics of the Qājār period tiles in the holy shrine of Raḍavī? Can we see the tile of Imam Riḍā's miraculous tale in the Ma'mūn's assembly (Lion’s attack on Hamid ibn Mehrān) from similar lithographic prints? If this tile is affected by lithographic prints, what are these effects? What works of the painter artists are more consistent with these items? The compilation of the materials and pictures of the present research was done by field and library method, and its writing was done with a descriptive and analytical approach along with interpretation of the images and their adaptation.

Imam Riḍā's debates with different groups on various topics are a treasure from the teachings of Raḍavī, which has survived from the Prophet (pbuh). In these debates, various topics have been presented in the teachings of the Islamic religion that the answer to the doubts and questions and enlightenment in religious matters has been one of the most important topics discussed in these discourses. Considering the goals of Imam (as) from these debates and the results of these talks is important, because in addition to explaining and explaining the teachings of Raḍavī, the plot of a desirable and admirable debate in every age and Egyptian is also depicted. Accordingly, the present research, using a descriptive-analytical method and with an end-point approach, has focused on Raḍavī's debates and has drawn attention to the findings and outcomes of these debates in religious, social and political dimensions. As a result, Imam (as) pursued the goals in these debates, the most important of which are: Guiding the debater, explaining the teachings of religion, the hypocrisy of religion, explaining the position of the Ahl al-Bait (as) and the culture of the desired debate in society. These goals and objectives will have two main consequences in the present age: Firstly, promoting the religious education and nullifying the doubts in the form of a debate; secondly, paying attention to these goals and approaches and their application will lead to the emergence of favorable and controversial debates at various levels.

Ritual poetry is one of the types of teaching poetry that has an ancient background in literature. The supreme position of Imam Riḍā (as) among the Shiites, and especially his presence in Iran, has caused the poets of every corner of this land to create beautiful inspirational works and make great works in this regard, and taking steps thereafter a great deal in the richness of religious literature. Meanwhile, "Mohammad Hossein Gharavi Isfahani" and "Khoshdel Tehrani" are a typical example of the well-known poets who form the majority of their poems and praise Ahl al-Bayt (as). In this research, firstly, according to the position of the comparative literature, it proceeds from the perspective of the American school, which emphasizes the aesthetic, interdisciplinary, and interdisciplinary studies of the prominent features of this theory, and then, through a descriptive-analytical method, based on evidence of the poetry of these two poets, with the aim of comparative study of the themes of Raḍavī in ​​his mediates and his successor, has been discussed. The findings of this research indicate that the two poets in the discussions such as: The expression of the moral virtues of Imam (as), the wisdom and knowledge, the dignity and virtues of Imam (as), the wilāyat (authority), the imam's signification, the dignity of the Imam, the historical events of Imam's life (as), prayer asking for rain, and the hadith of the Ḍāmin Āhū (deer guarantor), the passion of pilgrimage, intercession, etc., have similarities and different aspects; the results indicate that the Raḍavī  theme of Khoshdel Tehrani poetry, due to the beautiful literary images and its various themes, has had a more influential effect on the audience than the poetry of Isfahani, although in the poetry of Gharavi there are also some beautiful new themes.

The manners of the pure Imams (as) are full of fruitful lessons. The teachings of Imam Reza's (as) life can also be used to improve human life. One of them is his policy of educating human beings. The present study, with its descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to extract fundamental implications for Islamic educational policy from the Raḍavī tradition. The results of the research indicate educational implications such as orientation to the talents and tendencies of the educator in the training process, the role of situational effects on the educator training in the training process; policy-making for moral and behavioral patterns of the educator in the process of education; encouragement and threat-centeredness of the educational model; paying attention to the conversational nature of Islamic educational models; paying attention to the coordination and interaction of knowledge and practice in educational policy; recognition of audience in the process of education; the need for policy-making for the growth environment of the educator.

The subject of pilgrimage, despite its great importance and place in religious and scholastic foundations, has received less scholarly attention from the perspective of policy-making knowledge. On the other hand, the use of futuristic methods in the pre-evaluation of public policies due to the pre-emptive approach to environmental factors has gradually attracted the attention of policy makers. Relying on a combination of hierarchical and Delphi analysis process and based on the Schwartz model, this research seeks to identify, prioritize, and ultimately design the most important future policy scenarios for pilgrimage in Mashhad in 1404. To do this, using expert documentation and open-ended questionnaires and interviews, the views of 15 experts were identified, and by analyzing the content, the list of models was extracted and based on Delphi method, 8 main models were identified by experts, and by implementing a multi-variable decision-making technique, the two models that were most important and uncertain were identified, and the scenario framework was designed based on that.