نشریه روان شناسی فرهنگی زن
پیاپی 41 (پاییز 1398)

The main objective of this research was to investigate and explore the most important factors affecting learning weakness and poor academic performance of female students in secondary education of Kashan, based on the experiences and narratives of the teachers of this level. The general approach to this research is a qualitative approach which based on the grounded theory and use of the lived   experience research tradition through the process of deep semi-structured interview. In this regard, using the purposeful sampling method, the experiences of 19 second high school teaches were collected and analyzed through the three-step open, axial and selective coding process. The results and findings of this research showed that the most important factors associated with the weakness of female students’ learning and academic performance of were teachers, communication technologies, family, textbooks, structure and planning of the educational system, lack of facilities, equipment and spacel, evaluation methods, time and social, cultural and economic facts of society. At the same time, the researchers by focusing on above factors deduced and abstracted two principal themes or phenomena of research, schooling factors (internal variables) and social factors (external variables). These factors are the main factors explaining the weakness of learning and reducing the academic performance of second-grade female students.Obviously, the implementation of the necessary strategies for coping with the problems associated with the mentioned factors requires an organized and coherent effort of the educational system especially in the secondary school.

The aim of this article studying the representation of women in the movies which are about South Africa’s Apartheid. Among various movies which have been made about Apartheid as the target group of this study, this article studies the representation of women in two movies of Winnie Mandela and Sarafina, which are selected by targeted sampling methodology. By using the descriptive-analytical method, this article examines the role and the representation of the women in the two mentioned movies. This article uses film Study and film analysis to analyze the selected movies. Finally, it would be concluded that the representation of women in these movies shows kind, hardworking characters, with strong souls. Although they might break the feminine boarders, cross over to the masculine side, play men’s roles, and intervene in the unfamiliar masculine world their feminine aspect pulls them back and they continue to control the situation with their peace and prosperity.

The purpose of this news proposal is to determine the position of women in Islamic mysticism. True and pure mysticism is a religion that is rooted in the human soul and has been stolen by personal nature.The present study is a descriptive-analytical one and analyzes the writings of poets and mystics in the field of women's spiritual status. Accordingly, in the study of writings by Islamic mystics such as Ibn 'Arabi, it was found that, by virtue of their present status, they sometimes referred to women as the role models that men should learn from the lessons of monotheism, masculinity, trust, sacrifice, and so on. To learn.Also, when examining the position of women in the views of some famous poets and mystical writers such as Attar Neishaburi and Rumi, it was found that women were not low in spiritual attainment compared to men and many of them reached the highest levels.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Fordyce cognitive-behavioral happiness training on the optimism and marital satisfaction of women. This study was a semi-experimental design with "pre-test and post-test design with control group". 30 women were randomly selected and assigned to two groups (Control and experimental group). Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1989) and Shirer and Carver Optimism Questionnaire (1994) were used to collect data. Training intervention was conducted for the experimental group for 8 sessions of 2 hours. At the end, the results were analyzed with covariance analysis method. The findings of this study showed that cognitive-behavioral happiness training by Fordyce method is effective on two variables of optimism and marital satisfaction, and there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. Considering the findings of this study, this method can be used to reduce couples conflicts and increase the quality of their relationships.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on coping styles, avoidance compensation, and fear of marriage for single female students over 30 years in Tehran. The research method was semi-experimental. Using non-random sampling, 30 available female students were selected at Shahid Beheshti University and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The instruments used in this study were pre-marriage phobia questionnaires of Samii, Yousefi and Neshat Doost (2013), Avoidance Style Yang-Ray (1994), and Compensation (1994), which were completed in pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. The experimental group Yang-Ray received 8 sessions of schema training in the group and the control group received no treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that schema therapy can reduce spouse fear, fear of spouse restraint, fear of self, avoidance coping styles and excessive compensation in married college students.

The purpose of this research is woman role in Razieh Tojjar short stories collection. In this research woman role and social position in Persian contemporary story writing is surveyd through descriptive- analytic method. Data analysis is based on qualitive analysis and description of data content. In our studies, it is specified that Razieh Tojjar is one of the authors who has found special position in story writing. Field in recent two decades. The heros of her more stories are women and the main theme is women problems. In this article according to women role, analysis of speech and behaviou characters in her eight collections of short story, women are in the focus and under dominance of patriarchy system, they have no identity and personality independence. They are constantly threatened and don`t trust on any support.

The purpose of this study was to explain the behavioral reactions and comparisons girl students with love-truma symptoms. In order to understand the life experiences of girls with the experiences of love truma syndromes, a phenomenological study approach was adopted. The present study community was comprised of all girles college students at the University of Tehran who experienced a love failure in the past year. In order to sample the girls living in a student's dormitory at Tehran University during a recall, they were selected through purposive sampling. Finally, 14 people were selected and semi-structured interviews were used for collecting information. Data analysis was done through the colaizzi methodology. Data analysis resulted in the production of 2 main themes, 17 sub-themes and 41 initial concepts. The main theme of the first was"behavioral reactions and adaptive comparisons". that sub-themes 1-move to others 2-compliance with conditions, 3-request professional help, 4- precaution in behavior, 5-self-management, 6-employment and activity, -self-management, 6-employment and activity, 7-Includes a skillfulness and 8-adaptive spiritual reactions. The second main theme was"behavioral reactions and maladaptive comarison" that included sub-themes 1-comparison, 2-blaming, 3-not referring to a specialist, 4-role play, 5-memorizing memories, 6-rejection, 7-self-injury and 8- It was a waking job, 9-was spiritual scum. The results showed a variety of responses in the participants, and the type of environmental and psychological support, individual insight and personality type were effective in the quality of the reactions of the participants. Other results are discussed.

The purpose of the present study is to examine the reflection of the personality of Prophet Zainab(PBUH) as the flag bearer of the Karbala movement in the poetry of contemporary Christian poets. Because of his valuable personality and his decisive role in the events of Ashura and after, including the sermons he expressed for awakening public opinion, expressing the oppression of the Ahlul-Bayt (AS) and revealing the identities of the enemies, has caused many writers and poets To worship and praise him from various religions as a symbol of oppression and freedom. have been studied through descriptive-analytic method through library sources. The findings indicate that Christian poets in their poems focus more on the role of Zaynab (peace be upon him) in Karbala and subsequent events, including attending the Ashura event, delivering a sermon in the Yazid and Obaidullah, and defending Imam Sajjad (Peace be upon him), The expression of the Ashura uprising, the devaluation of the Omavi family and so on have been taken into consideration. They see Prophet Zainab (peace be upon him) symbol and exemple in the fight against colonialism and oppression, and in the contemporary era they see themselves as a continuation of his struggle against oppression.