نشریه روان شناسی فرهنگی زن
پیاپی 36 (تابستان 1397)

The present study aims were to find a way to identity formation of the subaltern women via reviewing and analyzing the ideas of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak one of the critics and thinkers of the post-colonial studies. In her famous article, "Can the Subaltern Speak?" she examined the status of the subalterns and, considering colonialism and patriarchy, found that the subalterns could not speak out. According to her critique of feminism, Marxism, and subaltern studies, she believed that the colonial social-political hierarchy has been reproduced in the post-colonial domain, and the voice of the subalterns was never heard. This research criticized Spivak's ideas with a descriptive-analytical method and sought an approach to identity formation of the subaltern women and answer the question that how the subaltern woman could speak out? The findings of the research showed that Spivak only focused on verbal communication and disregards the non-verbal aspect of it; which art could be its main pillar. Art in the role of a media could act as a language for subalterns and give them identity. The artistic activities of Iranian women on the Hormuz Island were an example of such a media that had been able to give them identity.

The current research was conducted with the goal of examining the effectiveness of group logo-therapy on the sense of loneliness and death anxiety of elderly women in Birjand. The statistical population included all elderly women in birjand city in 2017. 30 of them were selected through convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and control, 15 individuals each. The research method was a quasi-experimental and pre-test and post-test design with control group was used. To collect data the UCLA loneliness Scale and Collett-Lester (1969) Death Anxiety Scale were utilized.  The elderly of the experimental group received Anderson (2007), Blair (2004) and Hutzel (2002) for 8 sessions of 90-minutes intervention. The gathered data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of covariance MANCOVA. The result showed the effectiveness of logo-therapy on the sense of loneliness and death anxiety and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01).

The purpose of the present research was to study the course of romanticism and its transition in Forough Farrokhzad's poetry. Romanticism was one of the most important literary schools in the world which rooted in the West's economic and social developments and has been critically accounted for, in various ways. However, in Iran, the material grounds for the emergence of this school had not been entirely completed and, consequently, romanticism could not be activated in the literary community like its western counterpart. From the Constitutional Revolution and the first translation of literary works, some features of this school had entered literary life and then had prevailed with the social developments. Forough Farrokhzad was one of the most influential figures in Iranian romantic poetry whose poem was a mirror of the developments in the Iranian romantic school. So it was possible to study the dynamics of this school in the field of poetry today in her works. This article aimed to use the descriptive-analytical method to emphasize the characteristics of the school of romanticism in transforming of the poetry of Forough Farrokhzad.The results indicated that Forough Farrokhzad's poetry had been able to reach a special position in a difficult path of superficial romanticism to a well-known and thoughtful romanticism.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative characterization of women in the works of Fahimeh Rahimi and Daniel Steele; regarding the different cultural-religious conditions of the two writers. Fiction, especially novel writing, is one of the most interesting and important fields in the comparative research. Characters were chosen not only because of their intrinsic gravity, but also because they represented certain classes of people in a culture. Persian writer Fahime Rahimi and Daniel Steele the American writers who had included the expressing of the women's emotions and their problems in their novels. The present paper sought to examine the features of the female character in the novel "Window" by Fahime Rahimi and the novel "The Dawn of Love" written by Daniel Steel in a descriptive-analytical way. The findings showed that the story of the “Window”, was realistic and the “Dawn of Love” story was naturalistic. Also, the “Window“ novel of Fahimehi was popular, an Iranian story free of any western images that have formed in the context of a social life with Iranian culture. In the novel “Dawn of Love”, gender stereotypes were featured in male and female characters, and presented the different abilities of men and women. The first characters in the “Window” novel was a staunch character, but in the novel The Dawn of Love, the first character of the woman was a dynamic person.

The current research aimed to examine effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on reduction of chronic fatigue and feelings of entrapment among female married employees of National Drilling Company of Ahvaz. Among the population, 30 were recruited using simple random sampling method and were randomly assigned into experimental and control group. The research design was semi-experimental with pre- and post-test and control group. Chalder's et al. (1993) Fatigue Scale and Gilbert and Allan Entrapment Scale (1998) were used to collect the data. The group CBT intervention was applied. The treatment group received 8 weekly 90-minute sessions of CBT based on Stark's (1992) model and Beck's (1990) theory while the control group received no treatment. MANCOVA and ANCOVA methods were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the CBT intervention could reduce the subjects' fatigue and feelings of entrapment.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of communication skills training on intimacy and mental health of the participant couples attended in premarital counseling sessions in Ahvaz city. The sample consisted of 40 subjects from the mentioned population who were selected via simple random sampling. The study was an experimental one with pretest-posttest and control group. To collect data Walker & Thompson Intimacy Scale (1983) and Goldberg and Hiller General Health Questionnaire (1979) were implemented .The Experimental group was exposed to 8 communication skills training sessions of 60 minutes each. The control group received no intervention. For data analysis the analysis of multivariate covariance (MANCOVA) and one way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied as main statistical procedure. The results showed that communication skills training was effective in increasing intimacy and mental health of participant couples in the experimental group.

The main purpose of this research was to identify the effective dimensions of women perception of urban space and initiate a new women perception theory on the consequences of the Imam Reza's sister Shrine Development Plan. The present study was a qualitative and its method was ethnography. Data were collected by using participatory observation methods and interview technique. To analyze the data and provide the ultimate theory the "Grounded Theory" methodology was applied. In according to qualitative sampling and theoretical saturation criterion, thirty-seven women  of 20 to 40 years old participated in the study. Using "Grounded Theory" methodology and encrypts the data, ten category and one final core were extracted. The final result of the research had emphasized on the "return to previous safety and comfort of the space."

The purpose of this study was to investigate the promoting strategies of study culture among female members of public libraries in Malayer city. 220 questionnaires were distributed among all the female members. 212 questionnaires were returned. According to the results; the most important ways to promote the study culture was "paying attention to needed information and conduct research in relation to the needs assessment of requested resources" with an average of %34.3, "positively showing the impact of study on other learning" with average of %3.3, "building up and equipping rural libraries" with average %3.26, and "providing new resources" with average of  %3.2 respectively.