مجله اللغه العربیه و آدابها
سال شانزدهم شماره 45 (صیف 2020)

In this article, we examine the issue of discourse invocation, one of the most important issues in the modern deliberative lesson, and a characteristic of the natural language. This is through the theory of the "philosophic invocation" of the English philosopher Herbert Paul Grace. We attempted to apply his view of dialogue in the "poets" The dialogue and the context of Sura centered on a dialogue between prophets, Moses and Abraham, on them descriptively and analytically. It has been shown that the violation of the four rules of dialogue from the perspective of Grays has a crucial role in delivering his secondary and subnormal meaning to him in terms of non-natural meaning. In T. Some Quranic stories through the statements of the interlocutors, and analysis revealed symptoms of debaters and targets that throw them to show manipulation and mockery of Pharaoh, in other words his refusal to cooperate with Moses peace. To understand that God is the one who knows the truth, Pharaoh, Haman and their soldiers have informed him that there is no intention of faith and that the purposes are revealed through the words of the disciples. This is perhaps one of the reasons for the use of dialogue as well as narration in the Qur'an.

As one of the most prominent branches of social criticism of literature, evolutionary structural critique, developed in the theories of György Lukács and Louisan Goldman, believes that social consciousness and thinking is the creator of a literary work and that the writer merely coheres and organizes this consciousness and thinking. The entirety of a literary work thus reflects on and represents the recurrent social problems under the shadow of social, political, economic statuses and the poet's world views and mindsets. Badr Shaker Al-Sayab (1926-1964), the recent Iraqi poet, joined the Communist Party, mostly adhered to the theories and world views of the party in his works. In this paper, using a descriptive-analytic approach, we analyzed the ode "Al-Momes Al-Amia" based on the evolutionary structural critique in two stages of understanding and interpretation. This paper seeks to provide answers to the following questions: what relation is dominant between the totality of the above-said ode, poet's individual world views and social problems and issues? What problems and issues are reflected in this ode and what is the poet's stance taking to solve the problems? The findings of the study indicate that the entire structure of the story including characters, setting, events, etc., serves to criticize the social problems of Iraqi society during World War II. The poet employs this structure to cohere and unite the insights of Marxism. The occupation of Iraq, despotism, colonialism, corruption, economic, social and individual crises are among problems that the poets invoke to the creation of consciousness, the revolution of the next generation, and religious discourse to solve them.

The Infinitive Noun is one of the types of names in the Arabic and Persian languages, which is different from the Infinitive sometimes ... The most important new results of the research can be summarized in: that the Persian language has more diverse ways to formulate the Infinitive Noun of the Arabic language; In Arabic and its semantic effect is most often used in non-source and non-issuer use, while the Infinitive Noun in Persian is due to the large number of its forms. This may lead to the meaning of the Infinitive. The meaning of the name may be descriptive and maybe in two different contexts. Although there is a difference in the meaning of the subject of derivation in Arabic and Persian, but the Infinitive Noun in Arabic is not one of the eight known derivatives, although it has a root and weight, and in Persian is a derivative name. The Infinitive Noun is rarely used in Arabic in the sense of the Infinitive, and it is rarely used in its work. However, there is a common point for the Infinitive Noun in both languages. The Infinitive Noun in both languages gets subject and object by additional structure if it has meaning and significance.

The plot as the main part of the drama and the nucleus of tragedy. It arranges the parts of the drama in a coherent way to give the overall structure of the drama. Each plot includes a beginning, a middle and an end in terms of traditional arched construction. This research is based on a descriptive approach - the analysis of the movement as an element of the play for a theatrical model. It is the drama "The tragedy of Hallaj" by the Egyptian poet Salah Abd al-Sabour, which can be considered the first dramatic drama of integrated theater elements. It is clear from the research that "Salah Abd al-Sabour" in his drama has begun it directly from the end; this method has caught the attention of viewers from the beginning to the end of the tragic story of the right crucified on the trunk of human history. And he was able to employ all parts of the government from the dramatic presentation, the rising event, the thrill, the starting point, the complexity, the crisis and the solution, so that all these tasks will eventually be able to develop the event and move towards the end, and complete the drama.

The personality of Imam Hossein (as) and the events of the eternal Day of Ashura are among the highly addressed topics in the Islamic literature. Many poets in Islamic countries have addressed this event with honesty and inner purity, and have composed marvelous poems. Ahmad ibn Shakil (578 – 605 AH) is one of the talented poets of Al-Andalus whose lifetime coincided with the Islamic dominance era. He is s Shi’a poet of Al-Andalus during The Almohad caliphate. He utilized Shi’a concepts such as the al-Tathir verse, Hadith Kisa (Tradition of the Cloak), Hadith Manzelat [Tradition of Dignity], and Ashura in his poems. Ibn Shakil has composed two odes about Ashura and elegy of Imam Hossein (as), in which he refers to and mourns for happenings before Imam Hossein’s martyrdom, such as the loyalty and bravery of Imam Hossein’s companions, closure of the Euphrates branch and Imam and his companions’ thirst, and his aloneness, as well as the events after his martyrdom, such as his holy head being mounted on a spear and captivity of his family. This article describes and analyzes the content of this Shi’a poet’s poems about Ashura.

Each era has its literature which is affected by different factors such as social and cultural factors. One of the considerable issues in nations' literature is literary schools which are a set of theories and characteristics that come into existence as a result of social, political and cultural conditions of their era. One of these schools which is influential and debatable in world literature is Surrealism which originated from France during World War 1 and 2. It argued about the supreme reality and demanded a correction in our definition of reality and a change in the world. This study attempts to analyze surrealism in the poems of the great poet of the Abbasi era, Abul Ala al-Ma'arri, and state that the most important principals od surrealism in his poems are paying attention to dreams and abnormal and unreal issues which are abundant in his poems, as well as the creation of paradoxical images and attributing abnormal properties to normal objects each of which is indicative of the world of imagination, thoughts and inner feelings of the poet.

Phonological balance occurs when there are similar sounds in a poetic language. This artistic method is happened by phonological harmony, consonant and vowel repetitions and also repetitive syllable sequences, occasionally musical sound balance of a poetical language occurs in sentences and combinations which demonstrate poet's emphasis, inspirations and thoughts. Current papers by using the descriptive-analytic method shows the effects of sound balance repetitions in the contemporary Palestinian poet Ayman al-Labadi's book called "intifada". This paper analyses the various sound indications of mentioned poetical work which demonstrates that the poet could utilize words to manifest his thoughts and beliefs. Ayman al-Labadi by using the music of repetitive sounds unravels his inner tranquility, but when it's time to describe the crimes of occupational regimes, the tone of the poems recalls the melancholy and sorrow.