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Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry - Volume:7 Issue: 2, Dec 2019

Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry
Volume:7 Issue: 2, Dec 2019

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1399/03/24
  • تعداد عناوین: 5
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  • Mustafa Metin Donma*, Zeynep Ersöz Güngör, Ahsen Yılmaz, Savas Guzel, Orkide Donma Pages 43-50
    Objectives

    The aim of the study was to assess the possible associations among biochemical parameters that may be correlated with the possible mechanisms of iron metabolism in healthy children with normal body mass index (BMI), along with morbid obese (MO) children with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS).

    Methods

    To this end, children aged 6-18 years with no history of any acute or chronic diseases were selected as the population of this prospective case-control study. Thirty MO children (with BMI higher than 99th percentile and without MetS findings), 28 MO children (with BMI higher than 99th percentile and with MetS), and 30 healthy children (with BMI values between 15th and 85th percentiles) participated in the study. Then, anthropometric measurements were recorded, followed by performing the complete blood count and serum iron profile. In addition, ferritin, transferrin, hepcidin, irisin, ferroportin, brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), WISP1, and PTP1/fortilin levels were measured using ELISA. Finally, statistical analyses were performed and P < 0.05 was considered as the level of statistical significance.

    Results

    Significant differences were obtained among the groups regarding anthropometric measurements, blood pressures, triacylglycerols, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Further, there was a tendency toward an iron deficiency in both MO groups while an increase in ferritin levels was significant in the MetS group. However, BDNF, hepcidin, and ferroportin demonstrated no significant difference among the groups. Eventually, although the above-mentioned parameters were statistically insignificant, fortilin levels indicated a gradual decrease whereas irisin levels represented an increase from control group toward morbid obesity and MetS.

    Conclusion

    In our study, obesity severity and the tendency toward iron deficiency were in accordance with each other. Particularly, different WISP-1 levels in the groups may help predict future complications, along with its use in diagnosing obesity.

    Keywords: Obesity, Metabolic syndrome, Iron metabolism
  • Mojtaba Eizadi*, Zahra Mirakhori, Saqqa Farajtabar Behrestaq Pages 51-56
    Background

    Insulin resistance induced by genetic and metabolic disorders is the main cause of the prevalence or severity of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays a key role in regulating glucose homeostasis as a negative regulator of insulin signaling pathway.

    Objectives

    This study aimed to assess the effect of interval training on PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle and insulin resistance in male rats with T2D.

    Methods

    T2D was induced by high fat diet (HFD) and intraperitoneal injection of STZ in 14 male Wistar rats and then they were divided randomly into exercise (n = 7) or control (n = 7) groups. Exercise rats completed an 8 weeks interval training (5 days/week) and control rats remained without training. Fasting glucose, serum insulin, and PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle were measured 48 hours after the last exercise session. Insulin resistance was assessed using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) formula based on fasting insulin and glucose levels. An independent t test was used to compare each parameter between 2 groups. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

    Results

    Interval training resulted in a significant decrease in fasting glucose level (P < 0.0001) and insulin resistance (P = 0.018) as well as an increase in serum insulin level (P < 0.0001). PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle decreased significantly compared with control rats (P = 0.003)

    Conclusion

    Interval training can improve insulin resistance in T2D rats. This improvement may be attributed to the decrease in PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle by interval training.

    Keywords: Interval training_Insulin resistance_PTP1B expression_Type 2 diabetes
  • Amir Mehdizadeh, Sedigheh Sina*, Reza Faghihi, MohammadHosein Sadeghi Pages 57-60
    Background

    Radium-226 is a radioactive element, with a very long half-life of 1600 years, producing radon gas. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, radon gas is the second most important factor causing lung cancer.

    Objectives

    The purpose of this study was to separate 226Ra from the soil of high background radiation area by a radiochemical method for using in radon calibration chamber.

    Methods

    226Ra can be used in standard calibration chambers for calibration of radon detection systems. For this purpose, radiochemical method was used to extract radium from the soil with a high concentration of 226Ra. Four soil samples used in this study were selected from high background radiation areas of Ramsar, north of Iran. Equal amounts of samples were gathered from each region and ground. The specific activity of radium-226 was measured with HPGe detector. The highest specific activity of radium-226 (44.8 Bq/g) belonged to Talesh-Mahaleh. After radiochemical separation of 226Ra, the specific activity of extracted radium crystals was measured with the HPGe detector.

    Results

    According to the results, the specific activity of 226Ra was found to be 94.97 Bq/g. Therefore, the specific activity of 226Ra was 2.12 times greater in the extracted crystals than in the original soil samples.

    Conclusion

    The results indicate that using the radiochemical method proposed in this study, 226Ra can be extracted with an efficiency of 42%.

    Keywords: Soil sample, 226Ra, HPGe detector, Radiochemical method, Extracted crystals
  • Maryam Esfahani, MohamadTaghi Goodarzi* Pages 61-63

    ANGPTL8, a new hormone, is regarded as a novel target for type-2 diabetes and associated metabolic disorder. Nutritional state and hormonal factors are involved in the regulation of ANGPTL-8 expression. This protein is associated with some myokines or adipokines. Several studies confirmed the function of ANGPTL-8 in glucose metabolism and diabetes complications; however, there are opposite results. The accurate function of ANGPTL-8 in T2D remains unclear. Further strictly controlled studies including measuring methods, nutritional state, diagnostic criteria of overweight/obesity, age, and ethnicity may help to resolve discrepancies. In addition, more studies are demanded to clarify the potential role of ANGPTL-8 in humans, a cause or an effect of this protein in association with insulin resistance, the regulatory mechanism of ANGPTL-8 expression, and the association of ANGPTL8 with other adipokines or myokines. In this mini review, we described various roles of ANGPTL-8 in diabetes.

    Keywords: Type 2 diabetes_Angiopoietin-like protein 8_Dyslipidemia_Adipokine_Hepatokine
  • Larysa Borysivna Bondarenko Pages 64-71

    This review summarizes information on interrelations between diabetes development and collagen metabolism and structure. The growing global problem of diabetes requires the search for new strategies of its complications correction. Among them collagen structure violations and/or its impaired metabolism most often lead to profound disability. Even after several decades of intense studies, pathophysiological mechanisms underlying collagen changes in diabetes mellitus are still not well clear. The main complication is that not only diabetes cause changes in collagen metabolism and structure. Collagens via some mechanisms also may regulate glucose homeostasis, both directly and indirectly. The author also presented the results of own studies on bone and skin type I collagen amino acid composition changes with diabetes. Deepening our understanding of collagen metabolism and diabetes interrelations allows us to optimize approaches to overcome the collagen-mediated consequences of this disease. Recently, it has been clearly demonstrated that use of only antidiabetic agents cannot fully correct such violations. Preparations on the base of flavonoids, collagens and amino acids could be considered as perspective directions in this area of drug development.