Report of Health Care
Volume:5 Issue: 3, Summer 2019

Menopause is one of the most important events in a woman's life that affects their physical and mental aspects. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and psychological effects of high intensity interval trainings (HIIT) in aged ovariectomized rats. In this experimental study, 12 aged ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into two groups of six including HIIT and control. HIIT group received training for eight weeks, three sessions per week, and 9 interval (each interval 1 minute) with intensity of 90- 95% VO2max and one minute running between each interval with intensity of 50% VO2max. 24 hours after the last training session, weights, visceral fat mass, anxiety-like behaviors and depression were measured. To statistical analysis of data Shapiro- Wilk test, paired sample t- test and independent sample t-test were used (p≤ 0.05). Body weight (p = 0.002), visceral fat mass (p = 0.001) and duration of immobilization (p = 0.001) in HIIT training group were significantly lower than control group and percentage of elapsed time in the open arm (p = 0.003), the percentage of number of entrance to open arms (p = 0.03) and aerobic power (p = 0.001) in the HIIT group was significantly higher than the control group. It seems that HIIT have positive effects on the physiological and psychological factors of aged ovariectomized rats.

Disorders of blood rheology have been reported as factors affecting the incidence of cardiovascular events and sudden death after exercise, and it seems that the recovery during or after exercise can improve cardiovascular risk factors, so the purpose of this study was to investigate the recovery effect of sports massage on hematological parameters in semi-professional male runners. In this quasi-experimental and applied study, from among the male semi-professional athletes of track and field (runners) in Fars province, Iran, 20 individuals were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 10 participants: control group and sports massage group. First, to investigate the study variables in the pre-test, the subjects’ blood samples were taken in 12 hours of fasting, and then in the match day, the two groups participated in a 1500 m run, and after finishing the match, the massage group did Swedish sport for 30 min and the control group ended their activity without recovery. After one hour, the post-test blood sampling was taken of subjects. In order to analyze the study findings, Paired sample t- test and independent samples t-test were used and the significance level was considered at less than 0.05. The results of this study showed that the white blood cell levels in the sports massage group were lower compared to the control group (p=0.03), however there was no significant difference in the levels of red blood cells (p=0.93), hemoglobin (p=0.89), and hematocrit (p=0.88) of the control and massage groups. The results of the study showed that there is a significant difference between the two types of recovery (active and sports massage) in the variations of white blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.

Assessing muscle damage may help to improve the performance of athletes during the tournament. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a fencing tournament on muscle damage markers in fencer females. In a semi-experimental research 20 fencer women with mean age 21.59 ± 4.03 years, BMI 20.79 ± 3.13 kg.m-2 and VO2max 41.01 ± 4.98 ml.kg-1.min-1 were selected purposefully and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group competed fencing in a periodically and single-off form. Blood samples were drawn before, immediately after, 24 and 48 hours after the tournament. Statistical analysis of repeated measures and independent t-test were used at P≤ 0.05. The results showed that the differences in CK levels were significant before and immediately after, before and 24 hours after, before and 48 hours later, immediately after and 24 hours later, 24 hours and 48 hours after the tournament (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the differences between CK levels immediately after and 48 hours after the tournament were not significant (p>0.05). Differences in the levels of LDH before and immediately after, immediately after and 24 hours later and immediately after and 48 hours after the tournament were significant (p<0.05), but before, 24 hours and 48 hours after the tournament and 24 hours later and 48 hours after it (p> 0.05) were not significant. In professional fencers, a tournament could lead to muscle injury. This can be useful for fencers and coaches to examine the intensity of the exercises and adaptability of involved muscles.

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of low intensity aerobic exercise on serum levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and Endothelin-1 (ET-1) hormones in the Non-Athlete Healthy Elderly Women and Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. 15 females with the coronary artery disease and 15 healthy females were randomly selected for experimental and control groups, respectively. For eight weeks, the participants participated in aerobic exercises three times a week at a constant intensity of 100 ± 10 heart beats per minute. To evaluate VIP and ET-1 hormonal changes, blood samples of all participants were taken 3 times (before, immediately after the last session and 24 hours after last session). Repeated Measures ANOVA test was used to evaluate changes in the VIP, ET-1, and blood pressure. Pearson correlation coefficient Test was used to compare two variables in the control and experimental group. Data analysis did not show any significant difference in the levels of VIP and ET-1 serum before, immediately after and 24 hours after the 24th session in the control group (P=0.52 and P=0.15, respectively) and the patients group (P=0.46 and P=0.22, respectively). Low intensity aerobics exercise will not change the serum VIP and ET-1 levels in the elderly women. Even though this result showed the same amount of VIP and ET-1 level in the healthy women and the patients with coronary artery diseases, the conclusion is that cardiac patients can undergo the progressive exercise programs and withstand higher intensity of exercise.

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the prevalent disorders amidst children over the world. Due to the side effects of medications used in the treatment of this disorder, this study aimed to survey the impact of neurofeedback on the treatment of children with ADHD. This study was a semi-experimental one with pre and post-test design including two groups of control and experiment. It was carried out among 30 students who had been diagnosed as hyperactive by psychiatric experts, performing two questioners of Conner’s parent and teacher plus neurofeedback, in two groups of 15 as experiment and 15 as the control. Subjects in the experimental group underwent neurofeedback training for 20 sessions, while the control group did not receive any instruction. Following the completion of 20 sessions, over, two groups of control and experiment were tested, and the outcomes were regarded through a statistical method of covariance analysis (p≤0.05). The results revealed that neurofeedback training significantly lessened brain waves, problems of consideration, concentration, hyperactivity and impulsivity, attention deficit, the rate of child behavior in the class, group participation and collaboration, attitude towards power authorities (p≤0.05). The results proved that neurofeedback might improve brain waves plus attention deficit hyperactivity decreases in children with ADHD via developing brain excitation.

Adhesion molecules and lipid profile play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined training (aerobic-resistance) on vascular adhesion molecules and lipid profile in inactive elderly men. In this semi-experimental study, 30 elderly men were divided randomly into three equal groups: resistance group (n=10), aerobic training (n=10) and control groups (n=10). The combined training (aerobic-resistance) included running on a treadmill for 20 minutes per session, 3 sessions per week, for 8 weeks, at an intensity of 60 to 70% of HRR. Furthermore, the resistance training comprised 10 circling stationary movements of leg flexion, leg extension, leg press, scott, underarm stretch, chest press, iron cross with dumbbells, biceps flexion, triceps extension, and rowing motion with rope. This training included an intensity of 60 to 70% of one maximum repetition with extra load and 10 repetitions in 2 successive times with 30-second rest between each repetition and 2-minute rest between each movement. To make intra and between groups comparison, paired and independent sample t-test was used. The levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in both aerobic (p=0.001) and resistance groups (p=0.002) rather than control group reduced significantly. The amount of LDL-C, TG, TC in both aerobic and resistance groups rather than control group reduced significantly; while the levels of HDL-C in both exercise groups increased significantly. However, a significant difference was seen between 3 groups with regard to serum TG, TC and HDL-C levels (P<0.05). The levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in both aerobic and resistance groups compared to control group reduced significantly. Therefore, combined training can be used as a good method to improve inflammatory markers in elderly people.

Obesity is a complex chronic disorder with multifactorial etiology that includes genetics, hormones, diet, age, physical activity and the environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-weeks of interval aerobic training with green tea and ginger on lipid profiles of overweight women in Behbahan city. In this study, 40 overweight women (age: 44.05 ± 9.40 years; weight: 73.77 ± 9.22 kg; height: 1.57 ± 0.05 m, and body mass index: 29.79 ± 3.10 kg / m2) were divided in 4 groups of 10 subjects: 1) control, 2) training, 3) training and supplementation, and 4) supplementation. The subjects participated in the study for 8 weeks and 3 sessions each week, and blood samples were taken to measure the TG, TC, LDL and HDL factors as pre-test and post-test. Paired samples t-test and ANOVA at a significant level of P ≤ 0.05 was used to examine the difference between the groups and the effect of training and supplementation. The findings of this study showed that interval aerobic training with supplementation of green tea and ginger has beneficial effects on the lipid profile. Also, contrary to TG (P=0.17), TC (P=0.004), HDL (P=0.51), and LDL (P=0.02) in paired samples t-test, were not totally significant between the groups. Interval aerobic training with green tea and ginger consumption had no statistically significant effects on the lipid profile of overweight women, but interval aerobic training and green tea and ginger consumption, separately or combined can have effects on lipid profile of overweight women.

Hyperekplexia, or startle disease, is a rare neurological disorder characterized by excessive startle responses to noise or touch stimulation that can cause serious injury from frequent falls. The disease is characterized by a triad of generalized stiffness while the patient is awake, nocturnal myoclonus, and an exaggerated startle reflex. Hereby, an interesting case of hyperekplexia with comorbidities is reported that was misdiagnosed as epilepsy for some years.

Our patient was a 16-year-old right handed boy with frequent falls, without loss of consciousness that caused serious head trauma. He had exaggerated myoclonic jerks with tactile and auditory stimuli. Also, he had nocturnal attacks including a startle myoclonic jerk followed by sudden stiffening of the limbs and trunk with vocalization that lasted about 3 seconds without loss of awareness. There was a positive family history of jerky movements in his mother only when she was sleeping. He had a posttraumatic encephalomalacia in the right frontotemproparietal region due to one of his falls 10 years ago. He was diagnosed with epilepsy and was treated with valproate with no success. After total antiepileptic discontinuation and 10 days of video-EEG monitoring, no interictal epileptifrom finding was recorded. The attacks were not accompanied with ictal activity on EEG. Hyperekplexia may be misdiagnosed with startle epilepsy. The preservation of consciousness and absence of epileptiform discharges on EEG can be helpful for differentiating hyperekplexia from startle epilepsy. Startle epilepsy is often resistant to treatment; however, hyperekplexia usually responds well to clonazepam.