Report of Health Care
Volume:4 Issue: 3, Summer 2018

Incidence of falling is a common problem in the elderly, which is more likely to occur with increasing age. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of core stability and Pilates trainings on ankle proprioception, postural control, walking performance, self-efficacy and fear of falling in elderly women.

30 elderly women (age 68.13±1.14 years, weight 57.10±7.13 kg, body mass index 163±20.73 kg/m2) were selected purposefully and then randomly divided into three experimental groups of 10 subjects: 1- core stability training, 2- Pilates training, and 3- control group. Groups 1 and 2 performed three sessions of their training protocol per week for 8 weeks; meanwhile, the control group performed their normal daily activities. Before and after the training period, the ankle proprioception, balance, walking performance and fear of falling were respectively measured using goniometer, standing stork and Y-level balance test, the elderly walking performance test, and fall efficacy scale-international-1 (FES) were measured. To analyze the findings, paired sample t-test, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used (p≤0.05).

The results of core stability and Pilates training had a significant effect on ankle proprioception, static and dynamic balance, walking performance and significant decrease in fear of falling (P≤0.05). Also, Pilates training compared to core stability training had more effect on ankle proprioception, static and dynamic balance and walking performance and decreased fear of falling (P≤0.05).

It seems that Pilates and core stability trainings can be used in the medical centers as a complementary rehabilitation method in order to improve the ankle proprioception, balance, walking performance and decreasing the fall of elderly women.

In different studies, the effects of exercise and mental stress on electrical waves of the heart have been investigated separately. Nonetheless, the aim of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effect of exercise with mental stress on changes in electrical waves of the heart of young men.

24 healthy inactive men were selected and randomly divided into two groups of exercise and exercise with mental stress. The subjects in the exercise group biked for 37 minutes (60 % of the maximum aerobic capacity), and the subjects in the exercise with mental stress, biked for 37 minutes while they received 20 minutes of mental stress during biking, from minute 10 to 32. Heart electrocardiogram was recorded at 6 stages of resting, before exercise, 10, 20, 32 and 37 minutes since exercising. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with repeated measures at a significant level of 0.05.

No significant difference in heart rate changes (p = 0.71), QRS voltage changes (P = 0.41), QT changes (P = 0.57), QTc changes (P = 0.54) ST segment changes (P = 0.053) and R-R interval changes (P = 0.58) were observed in the interactive effect of group and time.

The pattern of changes in the electrical waves of the heart applied in this study was similar in two groups of moderate intensity exercise with mental stress and without mental stress. Keywords: Exercise, Heart, Mental Stress

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder that accompanies anxiety, difficulties in emotion regulation (DER), and low quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and recovery-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (RfCBT) on anxiety, difficulties in emotion regulation, and quality of life in patients with BD.

This study was a quasi-experimental research conducted in the form of pretest-posttest with control group. Forty five volunteer BD patients for participation in this study were included randomly in two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group (n=12: females=4, males=8) received the MBCT and the second experimental group (n=12: females=4, males=8) received the RfCBT, and the control group (n=12: females=5, males=7) received no intervention and was placed in the waiting list. Participants completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) in pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis by SPSS-22. P0.05).

The findings suggested that both MBCT and RfCBT interventions were effective on reduction of anxiety and DER as well as increasing quality of life.

Health sector evolution plan (HSEP) is one of the programs that has been considered as a priority in the programs of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME). The purpose of this study was to investigate the health sector status of the hospitals in Yasuj city after the implementation of health sector evolution plan. In this descriptive study, according to Morgan table, 181 patients from Shahid Beheshti Hospital, 108 patients from Shahid Rajaei Hospital and 169 patients from Imam Sajjad Hospital were selected as the statistical sample. All subjects completed the health system status questionnaire. To analyze the findings of the study, Kolmogrov-Smirnov tests, one-way analysis of variance and one-sample t- test were used (p≤0.05). The results showed that the implementation of health sector evolution plan in Shahid Beheshti Hospital (p = 0.001), Imam Sajjad (p = 0.001) and Shahid Rajaei (p = 0.001) in Yasuj is favorable. Also, there is no significant difference in the implementation of health sector evolution plan in Shahid Beheshti, Imam Sajjad and Shahid Rajaei hospitals in Yasuj city (p = 0.39). It seems that after the implementation of health sector evolution plan (HSEP), the health status of the hospitals in Yasuj has improved to a similar extent.

Swimming training fosters the heart performance.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of swimming training on heart structure and function of elite swimmers. The study was a causal comparative. The statistical sample included swimmer and non-athlete groups. Athletes were the elite swimmers who participated voluntarily in this study. Inclusion criteria for athletes included a history of at least 5 years of regular swimming training. After sampling, all participants took part in the echo-heart test in which they were given Color Doppler M-Mode echocardiography. The functional and structural parameters included left ventricular internal diameter in systole (LVIDs), left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (LVIDd), interventricular septal end diastole (IVSd), left ventricular mass index(LVMI), left atrial dimensions (LAD), aortic root dimension (ARD), left ventricular posterior wall dimensions (LVPWD), heart rate (HR) and ejection fraction(EF).Shapiro-Wilk test was used to normalize the research data. Statistical analysis was used by independent samples t-test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The p-value was defined as p ≤ 0.05. The hypothesis test was performed using SPSS software version 19. The independent sample t-test results showed that swimmers had a significant decrease in LVIDs(p = 0.001), LVPWD(p = 0.001) and HR(p = 0.001) compared to non-athletes. The results also revealed that swimmers had a significant increase in a LVIDd(p = 0.001), LAD(p = 0.001), ARD(p = 0.001) and EF(p = 0.012) compared to non-athletes.There was no significant difference between groups in IVSd(p = 0.789) and LVMI(p = 0.931). But the results were fifferent when variables were adjusted to the participants’ age, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) by ANOVA. The adjusted results showed that swimmers had a significant decrease in LVIDs(p = 0.002) and HR(p = 0.019) compared to non-athletes. The results also revealed that swimmers had a significant increase in a LAD(p = 0.001) and ARD(p = 0.001) compared to non-athletes.There was no significant difference between groups in LVIDd (p = 0.266), IVSd (p = 0.255), LVMI (p = 0.984), LVPWD (p = 0.128), and EF (p = 0.063). Long-term swimming training can lead to some heart physiological changes in elite swimmers. It seems that this changes can improve heart performance in this athletes.

A recent over expression model demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) regulates the expression of fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5); a novel myokine with a potential role in stimulating brown-fat-like development in white adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic training with different intensities on FNDC5 protein in soleus muscle tissue of obese male Wistar rats. 24 adult rats (weight: 250 to 300 gr, BMI >30g/cm2) were divided into three groups: aerobic training with 70 to 75% Vo2max (moderate intensity), aerobic training with 80 to 85% Vo2max (high intensity) and, control group. All training groups carried out exercise training for 8 weeks running on treadmill (5 sessions/per-week for 60 min per session). After the training period, the level of FNDC5 protein was measured. Statistical test of ANOVA was used for data analysis to determine the difference between groups and post hoc test of Tukey was used for paired comparisons (p≤0.05). The levels of FNDC5 in soleus muscle tissue in both moderate intensity and high intensity aerobic training group increased significantly (P=0.001). According to the results, increasing of FNDC5 as a result of eight weeks of moderate and high intensity aerobic training with moderate and high intensity, it seems that FNDC5 can mediate conversion of white to brown tissue and so affect losing weight and thermogenesis.

The immune system is composed of several functional components that respond to a variety of stimuli such as training. The aim of training is to preserve body homeostasis at a reasonable level. The effects of carbohydrate ingestion on training-induced alterations in the immune functions have been comprehensively investigated in past. The aim of this research was to review the effect of continuous aerobic training with low carbohydrate diet on immunoglobulins A, G and M in overweight adult men. 30 men with age range of 36-50 years and BMI between 25- 30 Kg/m2 were selected and divided into three groups of 10 subjects randomly (control, training, training with low carbohydrate diet). Groups training and training with low carbohydrate diet performed continuous aerobic trainings 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks and low carbohydrate diet was implemented for 8 weeks with 43- 47 % of total received energy of carbohydrates and 36- 40 % of lipids in the diet. The blood samples were taken before beginning the main study program and after 8 weeks of aerobic trainings. The paired sample t- test, one way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used to compare the pre-test and post-test data between the groups (p≤0.05). the results showed that eight weeks of training and eight weeks of training with low carbohydrate diet significantly reduced IgA, IgG and IgM (P<0.05). It appears that performing continuous aerobic training with low carbohydrate diet causes a significant drop in plasma levels of immunoglobulins A, G and M and suppress the immune system.

Reproductive systems in humans not only serve the birth and survival of generations, but also regulate many of the psychological and behavioral characteristics of humans. Regarding the side effects of chemical drugs used in the treatment of reproductive system disorders; this study was conducted to investigate the effect of medicinal plants on the performance of this system. In this review, an extensive literature search was conducted using relevant articles published between 2000 and 2018, and indexed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scientific Information Database, and Islamic world science citation center (ISC) were studied. The search terms used to retrieve the articles were as follows: Herbal medical extract ،Names of medicinal plants, Reproductive System. The use of medical plants has been commonplace in ancient civilizations, and hence since ancient times plants have long been an important source of medicine. Research on herbal medicine in recent years has shown that plants such as, Ginseng, Ginger and Aloe Vera have formerly been used to treat reproductive system disorders. In the present study, the effects of 30 plant types on the treatment of reproductive system have been investigated. According to the results of this study, many medicinal plants have beneficial effects due to flavonoid and antioxidant compounds in the treatment of reproductive system disorders, as some also have a negative effect on the system, so the use of medicinal plants in this regard should be made under the supervision of a specialist physician.

The pain caused by peripheral nervous neuropathy is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of life of people with diabetes mellitus. In this vein, considering the possible anti-inflammatory effect of regular exercise on reducing pain associated with diabetes, the present study intends to evaluate the effect of six weeks of endurance training on peripheral neuropathic pain, interleukin- 6 (IL-6) and C- reactive protein (CRP) in diabetic neuropathic rats.

40 male Wistar rats (age: 8 weeks old; weight 200-250g) were randomly divided into 4 equal groups of 10, including: diabetic neuropathy training (DNT), diabetic neuropathy control (DNC), healthy training (HT) and healthy control (HC). The diabetic groups were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and two weeks after induction of diabetes, behavioral pain tests were administered and after verifying the neuropathic pain, the endurance training protocol was performed for 6 weeks and 5 sessions per week. For analysis of data paired sample t- test, ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc test were used (p≤0.05).

In different groups before and after the training program, the mean reduction in glucose in the training groups was significantly higher than the control groups (P≤0.05); Serum levels of IL-6 and CPR in the diabetic groups was significantly higher than the training groups (P≤0.05); The mean pain of the diabetic neuropathy group were significantly higher than the control rats (P≤0.05); Also, the correlation between IL6, CRP and glucose with the threshold of pain was significantly positive (P≤0.05).

It seems that endurance exercise in diabetic neuropathic rats can affect the reduction of pain and inflammatory factors, and aerobic training is a suitable method for preventing, controlling and treating pain caused by diabetes.