Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System
Volume:7 Issue: 4, Oct 2019

Anxiety and low self-esteem can lead to feelings of vulnerability and being at risk, which can predict a suicide attempt. This study aimed to investigate stress and self-esteem of suicide attempters referring to hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2018.
This is a descriptive-analytical study. In this study, 74 patients were selected through convenience sampling from referring to hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Data were collected through demographic questionnaires, Spielberger anxiety questionnaire, and Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire. After completing the surveys, the data were analyzed. Finally, by defining the scores of the questionnaires, statistical analysis was performed and the results obtained from the study.
Out of 74 suicide attempters, 62.2% were women, and the majority of them were married (70.30%). The state anxiety score showed that 24.3% and 21.6% were in medium to high and severe anxiety, respectively, and the trait anxiety score indicated that the majority of individuals were in moderate to the critical range. Self-esteem scores showed that 54.1% were in low self-esteem range.
Anxiety and low self-esteem can be effective factors in a suicide attempt. Therefore, therapeutic interventions to reduce anxiety and improve self-esteem in such individuals can prevent a suicide attempt.

Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent chronic disease in the world. Timely and appropriate control can significantly reduce the burdens and costs of this disease. Although insulin injection is the most efficient method to control type 2 diabetes, patients avoid this method for unknown reasons. The main aim of the present study is to determine the factors influential in non-adherence to insulin using tools and models that have not been applied in this field so far.
The tendency to insulin injection in 457 patients with type 2 diabetes was investigated in this cross-sectional study using the classic logistic regression and new learning algorithms, including conditional tree, conditional forest, and random forest. Different fits were compared so that the best model can be determined to identify the factors in non-adherence to insulin.
Although random forest had the highest accuracy among the fitted models, all the methods had a relative consensus that having life insurance, academic education, and insulin injection experience in immediate family members increase the tendency to accept insulin therapy. Our results also showed that younger patients and those who were committed to a specific diet better approved insulin therapy.
The reasons for non-adherence to insulin can be summarized in economic and psychological aspects. Therefore, the health system policies are recommended to address economic issues and also raise public awareness about this treatment method.

Delirium measurement instruments should be highly sensitive, and their instruction for the users should also be short-term and straightforward. The objective of the present study was to investigate the validation of the NEECHAM confusion scalein predicting the delirium of ICU patients in Kermanshah health care and educational centers in 2015. This is cross-sectional descriptive-analytic research that was conducted in 2015. The researcher acquired the consent of the administrators of Imam Reza (AS) and Taleqani hospitals. A briefing session was held in ICU units, and the objective and method of the study were explained to patients to attract their cooperation. Sampling was done using convenience sampling. Some 166 patients were selected. The NEECHAM confusion scalewas used to investigate the delirium of patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the quality of the questionnaire. The significance level was considered 0.05. Results show that 50.6 percent of the samples were female, and most of them were married (85.2%). Most of the patients lived in cities (78.9%) and were illiterate (50.3%). Also, most of the patients were housewives (44.4%). Instruments for data collection were demographic questionnaire and the NEECHAM confusion scale. The results of this study indicated that 45.2 percent of people have delirium. The NEECHAM confusion scalehas a large area under the ROC curve. Therefore, it has high predicting power in the prediction of delirium. according to the findings of this study, it can be said the NEECHAM confusion scalehas the validity to be able to provide accurate and rapid information about patients' delirious status. Since the cognitive impairment screening tools require regular editing; therefore, nurses working in intensive care units can use this tool to diagnose patients with delirium and prevent delirium complications quickly.

Spiritual health is the newest dimension of health that lies alongside other aspects of health. Since few studies have been conducted on the various effects of spirituality on nurses' clinical competence, this study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual health and clinical competency of nurses. This study is a cross-sectional study. The samples consisted of 135 nurses working in intensive care units affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. According to the number of nursing staff in each ward, the share of each ward was determined, and then nurses selected by random sampling.  Data were collected using the Spiritual Well-Being questionnaire and the Critical Care Nursing Competence Scale. After referring to the wards, the questionnaires were compiled by the researchers, and finally, it was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient test. The significance level was considered to be 5%. The mean age of nurses was 35±6.6 years, their mean clinical experience was 11±7 years and the mean of nurses' work experience was 6.95±5 years. The mean score of spiritual well-being was 79.29±4.33 (medium level), the mean score of clinical competence was 378.53±4.90 (excellent condition) and the mean score of professional competence was 310.95±3.14 (excellent condition). Correlation test results showed no significant statistical relationship between spiritual health and clinical competency dimensions (P value>0.05).There was also no significant relationship between dimensions of spiritual health (existential health and religious health) and nurses' clinical competency (P-value>0.05). Nurses in ICUs have a relatively high and acceptable level of spiritual health and clinical competence, but nurses' clinical competence is not directly related to their spiritual health.

The role of fathers in adolescents’ health is regarded as less important than mothers. This necessitates considering their role more than before. The present study was conducted to investigate the associations between high school students’ demographic profile and their general health with the fatherhood characteristics of their fathers. This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional investigation was conducted among 604 girl and boy students in 2015 in Shiraz (Iran). The data collection tools included two self-administered questionnaires and a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Two self-administered questionnaires consisted of 5 demographic and 16 fatherhood characteristics questions. They were selected through a simple random sampling method, and the data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and descriptive statistics. The significance level was considered as 5%. The findings showed that 495 students (46.90% girls and 53.10 boys) participated in the present study. They also demonstrated that 382 students were between 15-17 years old (79.20%) and 113 of them (20.80) aged about 18-19. There was significant associations between the mean scores of students general health and some of their fatherhood characteristics (P value=0.01). Some of their demographic information was also correlated to their general health significantly. The mean scores of fatherhood characteristics and students’ general health were, in turn, 38.56 (SD=14.6) and 44.99 (SD=9.69).   This study demonstrated the role of fathers in their offspring’s health status. It makes it necessary to educate fathers and reinforce their capabilities to promote their children’s health.

Since suicide attempt and its association with mental disorders such as depression in individuals is a major challenge in societies, this study aimed to investigate depression in suicide attempters referring to hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2018.
This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. The study population included all suicide attempters referring to hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Some 74 patients were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected through demographic questionnaires and second version of Beck Depression Inventory. Finally, by defining the scores of the questionnaires, statistical analysis was performed and the results obtained from the study. Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation tests were used to analyze the relationship between the variables. The significance level was considered 5%.
The mean age of the samples was 49.41±5 5.68 years. 28 (37.8%) of the samples were male, and the rest were female. The mean and standard deviation of depression were 30.38±11.52, which were in the category of severe depression. There was a meaningful relationship between marital status, education level, and depression (P-value <0.05).
Depression is one of the predictive variables of suicide attempts in individuals; therefore therapeutic and supportive interventions in such individuals can prevent a suicide attempt.

Corporate goals are to maximize efficiency and profit, but in the age of information and competition to succeed, they must respond to societal expectations. Corporate disregard for social responsibility can create problems for the company and cast doubt on the company's actions and mission and, consequently, its success. The purpose of this study was to investigate the social responsibility status of pharmaceutical companies in Iran in 2019. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was done in the year 2019. The study population consisted of all staff working in pharmaceutical companies. In this study, 354 individuals were selected through the available sampling method. The data gathering tool was demographic information questionnaire and social responsibility scale. The dimensions of the social responsibility scale included political, cultural, economic, moral, social, legal, and environmental factors. Some 62.4% of the samples were male, and 53.10% had a bachelor's degree. Nearly 56% of the samples were occupationally in the middle management category, and 49.20% had human qualifications. Most of the samples (46.6%) were under 30 years old and 34.5% had 5-10 years old. The social responsibility components in all seven dimensions were higher than the median number three. They were political (3.91 ± 0.69), cultural (3.69 ± 0.80), social (3.65 ± 0.90), ethical (3.45 ± 0.85), legal (3.37 ± 0.83), economic (3.23 ± 0.78),  and environmental factors (3.18 ± 0.86). From the point of view of pharmaceutical companies, all social responsibility indices, including political, cultural, economic, ethical, social, environmental  and legal factors are important.

Schizophrenia, as a chronic and debilitating disease, has consequences not only for the patient but also for the family and society. It severely destroys the energy and resources available to the patient's family. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the burden on caregivers of schizophrenic patients and their perceived social support. In this cross-sectional study, the statistical population consisted of all Caregivers of schizophrenic patients referred to Farabi Psychiatric Center of Kermanshah in 2019. Out of them, a sample of 125 individuals was selected by the convenience sampling method. Two standard questionnaires, family burden interview schedule, and Social support inventory were used to assess the family burden and social support. The mean age of the participants was 42.69±12.78 years. The results showed the mean score of social support in the individuals as 14.72±5.93. Furthermore, the mean score of the family burden was found at 28.03±11.03. There was a significant statistical reverse correlation between social support and family burden (p<.001, r=-378). The regression model showed that social support could predict family pressure. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical statistics (chi-squared, Spearman’s, and linear regression), where the significance level was set at 0.05. (P<0.05). Caregivers of schizophrenic patients are exposed to high psychological, economic, and social pressures. This can be effective in reducing the quality of patient care. Therefore, increasing the level of social support in these people is essential in reducing the complications of schizophrenia.