فصلنامه لسان مبین (پژوهش ادب عرب)
پیاپی 39 (بهار 1399)

Legends and old anecdotes (showing an improvised and innate nature with the least being tempered feature)present clear pictures of human innate senses and anxieties. Psychologists have provided a basis for knowing about what is beyond the human behavior by thinking deeply and presenting general and deep theories and in literal traditions, legends and folklore anecdotes help us know about the human nature in a deep way which is also able to be generalized. One of these anecdotes through which we can gain information about the nature and the preliminary beliefs and how the human subjects have been formed is the story of ‘Hayyebn-e-Yaqzan’ which has been processed completely and technically by Ebne Tofail(the great philosopher of the 5th decade in the Islamic Andulusia). In his study, it’s been tried to analyze this anecdote according to Jacques Lacan’s votes in the philosophical domain. This study has been done with the purpose of decoding thoughts and preliminary human reflections which have been tempered and discovering the meaning of hidden and undiscovered literary traditions. The result of the study shows that the anecdote ‘Hayyebn-e-Yaqzan consists of important human philosophical thoughts, such as opposition to feminism, focusing on the otherness for physical and cultural growth trying for similarity with the environment, the sense of lack and exile and confronting with the great otherness and the dominate conversation, rooting to construct the order of the real and trying to reconstruct the symbolic social order. The method being used in the study is a descriptive-analytical one.

In addition to being one of the most important topics in the social and political circles of the world today, the environment has also become one of the major topics in literary circles. Contemporary poets have not been heedless of this topic, as seen through their points of view and concerns about the environment. In contemporary Arabic poetry, Wadih Sa'adeh, a Lebanese poet is one whose works are closely linked to the environment. He has used the theme of nature and its main elements at the levels of imagination, content and style. Considering the importance of the environment in today's human life, this article adopts an interdisciplinary approach to investigate how nature has been represented in one of Sa'adeh’s recent poetry books. The result shows that in keeping with human developments and concerns of the age, Wadih has paid a lot of attention to nature. Nature with its main elements has been portrayed in his poetry through poetic imagination and thoughts. In addition, there is a strong and fundamental relation between nature and man in his poetry. The poet has also presented his own literary attitude in the form of de-familiarization in connction with nature. It is worth noting that this study uses the descriptive-analytical methodology

Speech act theory is known as the fundamental aspects of language pragmatism which considers the role of language in its applications and the contextual use. In such a scientific area of language study, speech act theory focuses on discovering the unobservable relationship between the language and an act known as pragmatics. To this purpose, the present study is an effort to analyze one of the odes of the resistance poet, Mahmoud Darvish, with a descriptive-analytic methodology. It aims to discover the resistance speech acts according to the semantics, context, and pragmatics which are accompanied by the poet in his ode “Qasidat-al-Arz”. As together with John Searl's speech act theory, results show that the assertive and expressive speech acts have the highest frequency among others in the so-called ode. The assertive speech act of the poet was in concordance with proving the geo-political identity, mentioning the truths and the usurped rights of Palestinians. It is with an emphasis on the past to testify his claim in order to promote emotional motivation and esprit. In the expressive speech act, the poet attempts to demonstrate a grim picture of his feelings because of the happenings of his contemporary. His speech acts are stated implicitly which are prerequisites of a poetic text.

Communication equipments is one of the most significant tools for information exchange in the modern era. Traditionally, newspapers and printed matters have had a special place in informing and culture-developing. How to framing, highlighting and censoring information in different newspapers represents their political, social and economic approaches properly. If a newspaper is dependent on the governing system of a country, this can be considerably important, so that a realistic analysis of that governing system alongside of various issues can be represented by analyzing and investigating the information structure of text during a certain time. The present study seeks to examine editors-in-chief's articles (including 44 cases) of Egyptian Newspaper "Alahram" by mixed method published during 2018. In this regard, theoretical concepts such as framing, information structure, marking, topicalization and highlighting were used. The findings show that the editor-in-chief presents a cohesive، targeted and oriented about internal reading , regional and international issues by marking language structures and framing audiences' mind in the direction of Egypt governing system specially "Abdol Fattah Al-Sisi" government.

Lawrence Kohlberg is a theorist and pioneer of developmental psychology. he continued Piaget's theory in the field of moral development and he could add some new stages to Piaget's stages. He categorized people’s evolution of moral development in to three stages which include: pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional then he grouped every levels into two levels. To achieve this classification, he proposed some puzzles then on the bases of the reasoning, he determined responder’s level of moral development. Kohlberg’s suggested levels showed a kind of vast worldview which begin from the focuses on the material result of the action then according to people and group’s behavior, detects the existence of social relations and legality one and finally, the principles of global values.The purpose of the present study is to investigate the stages of moral development in “Sorakh-o-Al-Qhobur” (The scream of sepulcher), the Kahlil Gibran’s story, based on Lawrence Kohlberg's theory. The most important question of this study is that according to Kohlberg’s theory, how can calcified and categorized the reasons of people in this story? And based on this analyses, at what stage is Gibran’s perspective? The most result of this study show that all six Kohlberg’s levels of moral development in this story are adaptable according to People's arguments. Gibran based on his post-conventional perspective believes in principles and universal of humanistic literature. Accordingly, He is in the sixth stage or at the height of moral growth. The author will study this issue using the theories of developmental psychology.

This study was conducted to better understand the extent of the relationship between auditory comprehension and second language syntactic ability. To operationalize the variables under study, a researcher-made grammaticality judgment test (focusing on definite/indefinite articles) was used to measure syntactic knowledge and a speech-to-text researcher-made conversion task to assess auditory comprehension. The sample, selected through purposeful sampling, consisted of 36 fourth-year students studying Arabic at the University of Kashan in 2018. To much the purposes of the research, a descriptive quantitative design was selected. Descriptive and inferential statistics (linear regression analysis) were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that there was that there was a weak positive association between the main variable (syntactic awareness) and the outcome (auditory perception). The weak correlation observed between the two variables suggests that auditory perception may be predictable by all the competencies in the communicative model. As second language listening is also influenced by factors such as lexical knowledge, familiarity with content, individual factors, attention, auditory memory, temporal and spatial limitations, the finding suggests that, in line with the communicative model, listening instruction should be targeted at the development of pragmatic, intercultural and strategic competencies through more strategy-based teaching techniques