نشریه سیاست و روابط بین الملل
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

During the years subsequent to the collapse of the Soviet Union, Islamic Republic of Iran has been experiencing many new opportunities and threats in its immediate neighbourhood, of which, South Caucasus is a complicated and geopolitically important part. Major transformations on the global and regional scenes have affected the ways and tools at the disposal of policymakers to realize national interests. Now it is widely acknowledged that science diplomacy can play an effective role in achieving foreign policy goals. Most of the regional and transregional rivals of Iran have made science diplomacy a part of their Caucasian policy. In the following article we will address this question: What role has been played by public diplomacy in the relations between Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan & how it can contribute to this relationship in the future? Our main hypothesis is that considering the remarkable capacities of Iranian universities and research centres the science diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the South Caucasus has not been formed in an active way.

Realism paradigm for assuming power phobia international system, this  theory has supposed security-seeking and continuance guarantee by self-assistance as the mast important characteristic of international system, in turn, this makes the reproduction of the endless cycle of security puzzle. Realists know the only way for domination on security puzzle in putting power against power, labeled the so called force balance or power balance. But after the destruction of the past soviet union and dying two-polar system and remaining the united states in international system as the only super-power. The prediction of the establishment of a balance from the realists was met with problems. In this article, the goal is that we express that the realist thinker not only have been coordinated against these criticisms but also have paid in different way, to the explanation of this evolution, after the distraction of two-power system which this bold effort, in addition to responding to critics is considered an important factor in the evolution and resurrection of the theory of force balance and the so-called updating this research method applied in this study is analytic at descriptive.

When Hassan Rouhani came to power, Iran began new round of negotiations with 5+1 group’s member states which eventually gave rise to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). In this regard, despite reduction of tensions and consequently reviving Iran and Europe relations, not only Iran-China ties were maintained, it also experienced a remarkable development. Main question of the present research is that what factors have played a key role in development of Iran-China relations after the nuclear agreement or JCPOA. The research by utilizing analytical-descriptive method and applying pragmatic paradigm in the framework of the neo-realism theory, argues that some factors such as China loyalty to Iran during difficult situation of the sanctions, Iran’s continuing mistrust to the West despite reviving the relationship, Tehran-Beijing mutual economic necessities,  Iran’s geopolitics and geostrategic importance for China, mutual needs for countering the radicalism, terrorism, fundamentalism and also opposing to the present international order and the US unilateralism have caused Iran and China in addition to maintain the ongoing level of interactions and political and economic relations, they also try to develop bilateral ties further.

Security Council of U.N. has a duty to keep international peace and security. Islamic Republic of Iran and North Koreas nuclear crisis are the crisis that has led to International Community to think about them. The goal of this study is to find out how is the performance of the Security Council regarding Iran and North Koreas nuclear program. The assumption is that the performance of the Security Council regarding the nuclear case of these two countries was discriminatory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of resolution by the Security Council regarding the nuclear program of Iran and North Korea. Findings show that both countries are subject of economic sanctions, political pressure and military threats. While North Korea has declared explicitly that, they want atomic energy for military use, Iran has repeatedly stated that its attention of nuclear energy is for peaceful purposes and is committed to NPT.

Deterrence theory is one of the theories which is based on Realism in international sphere. This theory has been noticed by strategic scholars after the World War II alongside weakening of idealism. The theory emphasizes on “power” in international relations as the main factor explaining the relationship between the countries and hence while rejecting idealist theories, believes that the degree of power affects level of national security. This article explores the adaptation of this theory to current situation of Islamic Revolution especially in regard to Inherent hostility of the West against it. The paper contends that commitment to “regional deterrence" would fulfill national security of Iran is in the Middle East and the world.

After formation of the Islamic Republic in Iraq, the Islamic Republic of Iran declared its support of a stable, secure and independent Iraq that will be able and willing to reduce the influence of the United States in Iraq's internal developments while keeping its friendship with Iran. However, formation of a modern Iraq, with some different characteristics in the construction of power and politics made a new definition inevitable for the role and position of Iran’s soft politics and smart diplomacy. Iraq’s importance was more than anything else, because of the opportunity to provide capacity building in Iran's foreign policy at the level of bilateral relations, and also regional relations with the great powers. The purpose of this essay is to analysis the political influence of Islamic Republic of Iran in the modern Iraq, especially the main unprecedented role grasped in the political structure of the new Shiite and Kurdish forces in there. Out of this opportunity is that the Islamic Republic of Iran pursues its smart power to conquer the country's Shiite and Kurdish public opinion and takes advantage of the soft power to expand its relations with the Federal government of Iraq. Using the descriptive-analytic method, this article, is to answer the main question of how Iran’s soft power could hinder the realization of the strategic goals and policies of the USA lead coalition in an occupied country? The findings of this research suggest that the soft power of Islamic Republic of Iran in the modern Iraq is based on three areas of normative-doctrinal, cultural-social and political values which altogether has had a negative impact on the realization of the goals and strategic interests of the United States.

Industry of Tourism Attraction is an effective factor to achieve sustainable development. The impact of terrorism on the tourism industry can be enormous. The Middle East was an Attractive Destination for Tourists. However, now it is an attraction destination for terrorists. The main question in this research is what are the impact of terrorism on tourism attraction in the Middle Eastern countries? And How Middle Eastern Countries can resolve and reduce this challenge? Hypothetically, terrorism is an enigmatic and compelling phenomenon, and its relationship with tourism is complex and multifaceted. If the security situation level decrease, the tourism attraction will be reduced too. Middle East now is confronted by a sort of security dilemma. Security has been decreased and Terrorist Groups are interested in coming to the Region. According to this situation sustainable development would not be achieved. This paper aims to clarify this relationship and compare the attraction of terrorism and tourism. Theoretically, this research is based on the concept of the fragile states situation. Methodologically, I use descriptive-analytical and Methods with Emphasis on international statistics.