مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 161، فروردین 1399)

December 2019 marked the beginning of the outbreak of the coronavirus, a disease that began in China and the city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, and soon spread rapidly, involving individuals and health organizations.Finally, on March 11, the head of the World Health Organization identified coronavirus as a pandemic disease, and the world entered a new phase in the fight against the disease. In this article, we are going to discuss the changes in health behaviors, demographic and economic changes.

Bone is one of the tissues that have a true potential for regeneration. However, sometimes the bone defects are so outsized that there is no chance of bone self-repair and restoration or the damage is such that it is not possible to repair with medical or surgical interventions. In these situations, bone grafts are the treatment of choice, but due to several obstacles, including limitation in graft preparation and immunological incompatibility, bone grafts face some limitations. In these cases, with the help of regenerative medicine, the bone damages could be repaired. Regenerative medicine provides a new approach for large bone defects by cell therapy and tissue engineering. As, sometime the damaged tissues are so wide that there is no chance of self-repair, the engineered structures help to accelerate the tissue natural repairing. This review focuses on the importance of stem cells and scaffolding for bone tissue engineering. Also, the important characteristics of bone tissue engineered scaffolds like structure, porosity, stability, surface chemistry, bone induction and different met hods of scaffold fabrication are discussed. Up to now, various natural and synthet ic compounds were used for bone tissue engineering, including biopolymers, which are categorized to natural, synthet ic and ceramics. Bioceramics work as effective compound scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. From them bioglasses are one of the important materials which enhance the attachment, proliferation and differentiation of bone cells. Therefore, the current paper discussed biopolymers, as the effective compounds for regeneration of bone tissue.

Pregnancy and health is the process in which the egg is fertilized and being able to survive. When pregnancy occurs under some conditions and the fetus is being at risk, it will lead to abortion that occurs involuntarily and spontaneously. Abortions that occur more than two or three times are called recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Various etiological factors involved in RPL, including environmental, pathological and genetic factors. The environmental factors that often related to an inappropriate lifestyle, and endanger the pregnancy. The pathological factors are including autoimmune, infectious, endocrine and anatomical factors. The genetic factors are including several structural and chromosomal abnormalities. The majority of chromosomal abnormalities are including trisomy, polyploidy, and monosomy X. The structural abnormalities due to chromosomal cleavage, which may be balanced or unbalanced. However, a large number of these abortions do not have any clear reason, so molecular studies have shown that these types of recurrent pregnancy losses are related to the gene disorders of the mother. The function of these genes shows that they are associated with the process of formation, implantation and maintenance, fetal growth and development, and so on. This review focuses on the genetic and molecular abnormalities that may involve in the occurrence of recurrent pregnancy loss to choose the appropriate treatment for couples who suffer from RPL, based on the type of disorder.

The bacterial Asparaginase is used in the treatment of asparagine-dependent tumors, particularly lymphatic sarcoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the instability of the enzyme increases the number of injections that are accompanied by high immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the conjugation of L-asparaginase with nanochitosan glutaraldehyde (NCG) derivative and its effect on the physichochemical properties of conjugated enzyme.

In this experimental study, nanochitosan was synthesized using reduction method with acetic acid and its physicochemical properties were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy and particle size analyzer. Activated NCG derivative was produced using 3% acetic acid. The conjugation of NCG derivative to L-asparaginase was performed with different molar ratios of enzyme/nanochitosan (1:2, 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20) in the presence of sodium cyano borohydrate; and the ratio with the highest residual activity was used for physicochemical evaluation. The activity of enzyme at different temperatures and pH, its half-life and stability after freezing and resistance to proteolysis were analyzed through repeated measure analysis of variance using SPSS 18 software.

The results of this study showed that the conjugation of L-asparaginase with NCG derivative resulted in maintaining the 70% enzyme activity. The activity of conjugated enzyme was higher than native enzyme after freezing and trypsin treatment. The optimum pH and temperature of conjugated enzyme did not change, while it had higher activity in wide range of pH and temperature compared with native enzyme.

Conjugation of L-asparaginase with NCG derivative improved physicochemical and stability of enzyme and this method can be used for production of improved L-asparaginase for clinical application.

According to the need to know about patient satisfaction in Shahid Sadoughi Dentistry School of Yazd, this study was conducted to evaluate the satisfaction of patients referred to the Department of Restorative, Endodontics, Periodontology, Prosthodontics and Comprehensive Therapy in 2018.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the satisfaction rate of 267 patients referred to the School of Dentistry in 5 sections (Periodontics, Endodontics, Restorative, Prosthodontics, and Comprehensive Therapy) at the end of treatment was evaluated using a Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ). The questionnaire contained 19 questions in 3 areas: pain, access, and quality of treatment. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 17 and also t-test and ANOVA. The significance level in this study was considered 0.05.

The mean age of patients in this study was 31. 9 ± 11.4 that 63.7% of them were female. According to the results, the mean total score of satisfaction in the studied patients was 68.8 ± 9.2 from 100, and the mean score in area of pain, access, and quality of treatment was 63.9, 65.9 and 71.7, respectively. There was no significant relationship between patients' satisfaction and age, sex, place of residence and different departments of the faculty (P≥0.05), there was only a significant increase in the field of pain satisfaction with increasing age (P = 0.014).

The average satisfaction score of patients referring to Shahid Sadoughi Dentistry School of Yazd in the five sections was 68.8 and was desirable. Considering the degree of satisfaction, more effort is needed to increase the satisfaction of patients.

Alopecia areata is a fairly common disease characterized by patchy aria of hair loss. The role of psychological factors in the occurrence of alopecia areata has long been discussed. The present study was conducted to determine the frequency of stress and anxiety and depression in the patients with alopecia areata in Yazd City in 2017.

This study was a cross-sectional study and 50 patients with alopecia areata in Yazd were compared with 50 in the control group in the year 2016. Sampling method was a census and variables, including sex, age, education level, duration of lesion, frequency of relapse, and location of the disease were collected and recorded using a questionnaire. The depression anxiety stress-scale (DASS) (Dass11) questionnaire was used for scoring anxiety, stress and depression. For analyzing the collected data were entered into SPSS version 13.

The results of the study showed that the mean age of the participants in the study was 30.27 ± 8.7, the mean duration of lesion was 23.5±53.52 months and the mean recurrence rate was 1.4±2.2. From 100 participants in the study, 36 (36%) were women and 64 (64%) were men. The mean score of depression (6.8 vs 4.6), anxiety score (6.08 vs 3.5) and stress score (10.06 vs 8.06) were found to be significantly different between the two groups. Also, in women and in the age range of 17-29 years, the mean of depression and anxiety scores was significantly different in the two groups (P-value <0.05).

According to results, it can be concluded that the frequency of depression, anxiety and stress in the patients with alopecia areata is significantly more than the control group.

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between sexual dissatisfaction and quality of life in married obese persons with mediating role of marital intimacy.

The statistical population of this study concluded all patients with obesity (having extra body mass) referred to Isfahan health centers in 2018. Through targeted sampling method, 150 patients were selected at a time interval of three months. They were asked to respond to the questionnaires of Larsson's Sexual Satisfaction (1988), the quality of life of the World Health Organization (1996), and Walker & Thompson's (1983) marital intimacy. In order to analyze the research data Amos software and structural Equation Method were run.

The results showed that there was a significant relationship between sexual dissatisfaction and quality of life in married obese people with regard to the mediating role of marital intimacy and this model was confirmed in all components of quality of life except physical and mental subscales (p< 0.05).

According to the results of the findings, it can be concluded that marital intimacy plays an important role in the quality of life and ultimately reduces sexual dissatisfaction.

More than 500 million people throughout the world are infected with Toxoplasma gondii. On the other hand, migraine is known as the most common pain syndrome. The aim of this study was to detect anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG in the serum of individuals with and without migraine.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 50 person (7 male & 43 female, in the age range of 20-60 years) with history and symptoms of migraine (case group), and 50 individuals (7 male & 43 female, in the age range of 20-60 years) without migraine (control group) were selected randomly. Blood samples (5 ml) were collected from all the selected people, and the serum level of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG were determined using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. In this test, 10 IU/ml of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG was considered as the minimum titer. For statistical analysis SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL; Version 18 software and -Chi-square and t-tests were used.

38% of the patients with migraine and 32% of the control group had anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG above 10 IU/ml. The mean amount of anti-T. gondii IgG in the serums of case group was 173.42 IU/ml, while it was 68.25 IU/ml in the control group, the mean amount of Toxo-IgG in migraine positive group was 2.5 time higher than the amount in the control group (p<0.05).

According to the results of this study it is concluded that the serum level of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG in migraine positive persons is significantly higher than the migraine negative individuals. Therefore, it is recommended that the patients disordered with migraine be tested for chronic toxoplasmosis..