نشریه مطالعات تاریخ انتظامی
پیاپی 24 (بهار 1399)

During his 33 years of ruling, Teimour had done many military expeditions and he often won. He dominated Tougetmash Khan the commander of the golden army, rulers  of Mogolestan, first Bayazid Soltan of Usmani, lands of Egypt and….Applying mental conflicts and various military techniques such as surprising, gaining military information about the position of enemies by reporters, launching a great corps with perfect equipments, rapid movement of the army, hiding the soldiers, burrowing, digging ditches, giving a lot of rewards to the armies, appreciating the braves in war scenes and holding frequent celebrations to improve soldier spirits,he succeeded to achieve these victories.  The research problem is to evaluate how Teimour reached frequent victories in wars during several expeditions. It has been tried to answer the question by a descriptive _analytical method using library sources. It is concluded that exploitation of various military, information, procurment  and mental strategies had been effective in Teimour victories.

Sitting on the throne by Mohammed Ali Shah Qajar increased the conflict between constitutionalists and Tyrants.  In this contention, public Tyrants were more powerful than folk liberals in terms of human forces and military equipments.  Thus in their fights, the constitutionalists sometimes selected the way of assassination. To do so, Heidar Khan Amoughlu helped them because of his rich intelligence and technical power. Beside making bombs, he often planned and implemented the operation program of these assassinations. This research aims to map the military _political situation of Azerbaijan during minor tyranny and the position of Sh.N.Marandy in civil wars using a descriptive _analytical method relying on library sources to answer the question that how the assassination of Sh.N.Marandy affected the transformations of Iran Constitutional revolution in Azerbaijan? Results of this research show that the successful assassination of Shokrallah Khan Sh.N.Marandy _of major pillars of tyranny power in Azerbaijan _ caused the break of siege in Tabriz. Consequently the important strategic road of Tabriz _ Jolfa had been opened.  Moreover this assassination provided grounds to wave the constitutional flag in northern and western cities of Azerbaijan.

The security problem in cities and boundaries during Sasani is very complex that security in each country with internal ability is the most fundamental rule of it's autonomy. Sasanian was not an exception and they relied on internal force to supply security. During Sasanian, the army took more power and order  when Ardeshir. Babakan (226_241)  and his purpose was to recover military power and  to maintain security within all cities of the country. This research aims to study the defensive elements of Sasanian in different dimensions such as operating and non_operating systems in Ardeshir Khore . In this research the authors examined security measures and defending Ardeshir Khore city during Sasani and it is specified that in addition to create ordered army for defense, Ardeshir had taken some measures to secure Ardeshir Khore. Constructing castle,digging ditches and creating fences around the city are some practices by Sasanian to defend the city non_operativly.  Ardeshir Khore is the first Sasani empire city in which the security is prioritized and the city leader exploits defense systems to maintain the security in the city. The present research is fundamental in a descriptive _analytical method.  The research data has been collected by field observations and library ways. The research innovation is to identify security measures of Ardeshir Khore city which has been  less considered .

Agricultural pests are reffered to any plants or living things the proliferation of which in the farm and the use of products directly or indirectly cause the yield reduction quantitatively and qualitatively and it has had a direct relationship with the topic of social _economic security during the history of Iran especially in Naseri period. This paper has been conducted based on historical method in a descriptive _analytical manner and it studies the topic of general public living and it's relevance to the agricultural disasters.  The research objective is to study the social _security consequences of agricultural disasters in Iran during Naseri period relying on resources and documents of Qajar period.  The research findings showed that agricultural pests and diseases such as: grasshopper invasions, age of wheat and silkworms  had a direct effective relationship with unsecured factors like: continuation of famine, many disorders, food stuff smuggling, growth of various types of social, cultural and living poverties, bread shortage cholera and plague outbreaks, increase in the good import from Europe, expansion of land and water conflicts among rural communities, rural migrations and leaving the habitats.

The imposition of power and security _military usage of the Caspian sea, particularly after the Soviet union collapse, has been a serious security challenge for countries around it such as the Islamic republic of Iran.  Due to the importance of military _security history of the Caspian sea to understand it's present position geopolitically and geostrategicaly, the present research aims to investigate the military _security evolution ruling on the Caspian sea from Safavi period to the conclusion of Aktau 2018 convention in a descriptive _analytical method using library sources. It also assesses the most important military _security aspects of the related convention. In this regard, the mentioned history will be divdied into 2 main parts based on which the paper will advance: from Safavid period to the collapse of Russia to Aktau convention in 2018. The study of this historical process showed that we are witnessing a shift from unilateralism  to multilateralism in military _security context in the scope of Caspian sea.  A movement based on and as a result of which Aktau 2018 convention was concluded between coastal states of Caspian sea.  This convention is a security _based document that potentially can be used in order to terminate  unilateralism of some countries in the region and military presence of non_Caspian states.

Research in the context of security and policing is a topic which has been less considered by researchers of Afshariye and Zandyie period due to the lack of documents, historical evidence and lower research sources.  Establishing order and security in cities is regarded as a policing task at first glance which encompasses social, economic, political and cultural aspects of society.  The established governments in Iran formed effective and cohesive organizations such that they could control and dominated  the community.  As a consequence an organ known as policing organization had  emerged. The present research problem is to study the ranks of establishing order and security during Afshariye and Zandyie and their positions and functions.  In this research the ranks of establishing order and security during Afshariye and Zandyie has been identified and explored using historical method.  The research results indicated that the policing system in Iran during Afshariye and Zandyie had not been significantly different from policing and administrative system during Safavid. It's reason was that ,on one hand the current structure was inherited from the past centuries and it was same as that of Safavid Government.  On the other hand, the period of ruling by Afshariye and Zandyie was too short so that there were no opportunity to create new organizations. Furthermore, the kings had not been able to form such an organizations.