فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 44، زمستان 1398)

 Harmful effects of ubstance use relapses has been long a greate challenge in the treatment of addiction. The purpose of this study was to explain the substance use relapse model in addict individuals based on the childhood trauma, regarding the mediating roles of object relations alienation, borderline personality organization and depression in a group of Methadone-treated addicts.

Applying a descriptive - correlational design, among all male methadone-treated  addicts of kashan city in 2019, a sample of 170 subjects were selected by available sampling method and inclusion/exclusion criteria were controlled for. Data were collected through the Relapse Prediction Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Bell's Object Relations Inventory, and the Kernberg’s   Inventory of Personality. Data analysed by a path analysis of structural equation modeling.

The structural equation modelling of childhood trauma, alienation, personality organization and depression with substance use relapse directly and indirectly demonstrated significant fitness (RMSEA: 0.0489). Among indirect paths, mediator variables including object relations and depression were significant. Overall, this models explained %49/6 of the variances of substance use relapse among Methadone-treated male addicts.

Childhood trauma impact personality organization, feelings of alienation, and depression in later life periods, and relapse is a style to get rid of these suffering. From this perspective, identifying and addressing these factors provides a deeper understanding of relapse. It is suggested that in an effective treatment context address the variables expressed in the form of treatment protocols.

Aggression is one of the factors influencing the relationship of couples, so the purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of marriage training based on the Gotman’s Model on covert relational aggression in women.

Using a randomized controlled trial design, among mothers of Behesht primary school students in Shahriar town in Tehran during 2018 year a sample including 30 women were selected on a voluntary basis and randomly divided in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the intervention and control group subjects remained in the waiting list. All subjects were evaluated by Nelson and Carroll’s covert relational aggression scale at the pre - test and posttest stages. Data extracted from the scale and analyzed by a ANCOVA analysis.

Data analysis showed that significant difference between the women of the two groups in terms of the extent in their covert relational aggression and the trainings reduced covert relational aggression in women of the experimental group.

The training of marital skills based on the Gotman’s Model could reduce the covert aggression of women and is then recommended to therapists.

The persent study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of self compassion group training on self-criticism and cognitive- behavioral avoidance in adolescents with depression diagnosis.

The present study was a randomized controlled experimental design. The statistical population consisted of all adolescents with depressive symptoms who were educated in the  region 4 of Shiraz, in the academic year 2019 at the 10th to 12th grade. Among these 30  students were selected through a purposive sampling procedure and then were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The Levels of Self-Critical scale, Cognitive-Behavioral Avoidance Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were performed. The experimental group received Compassionate Mind Training for eight 90-minutes sessions. Data were analyzed by multivariable analyze of covariance (MANCOVA) and using SPSS-20.

Results indicated significant differences between two groups in self-criticism and cognitive-behavioral avoidance scores in the post-test (P≥0/001). The exprimental group showed a significant decrease in self-criticism and also in conitive-behavioral avoidance scores.

These findings suggested that group compassionate mind training as an important intervention in reducing self-criticism and cognitive-behavioral avoidance among adolescents.

The research aimed to examine effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on depression and anhedonia among patients with terminal stage cancer in Ahvaz.

The statistical population included all patients with terminal stage cancer of Ahvaz among whom 30 were recruited using randomized sampling method. The participants filled out the depression subscale of SCL-90 and Snaith-Hamilton's Anhedonia Questionnaire. The treatment group received 8 weekly sessions of ACT intervention each lasting 90 mins, while the control group received no intervention. The data were analyzed using MANCOVA and ANCOVA.

The results of analyses by MANCOVA and ANCOVA showed that ACT decreased patients' depression and anhedonia.

Generally, it could be concluded that the acceptance and commitment therapy was effective for improving the capability to feel joy among cancer patients facing death and is recommended.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between insecure attachment styles and sleep problems through mediating depression and anxiety.

The present study was conducted with a correlational method. The study population of was female students in the second course of 11th grade in different fields of study of Tabriz city (N=9426). The sample size was 373 according to Morgan table. They were assessed by Petersburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI), Hazen & Shaver Adult Attachment Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics methods (Structural Equation Modeling: SEM).

The effects of avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles on depression, anxiety, and sleep problems were significant (beta coefficients were above 0.30). The indirect effects of avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles on sleep problems through depression and anxiety were significant (beta coefficients above 0.15).

Results demonstrated that there were significant relationships between avoidant, ambivalent insecure attachment styles and depression as well as anxiety. There was a significant relationship between depression, anxiety and sleep problems. Hence, depression and anxiety could mediate the relationship between avoidant, ambivalent insecure attachment styles and sleep problems.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Logo-therapy based on Rumi's thoughts with ACT on the social health of the elderly people. 

In a randomized controlled trial design a total sample consisting 66 elderly  subjects (46 females and 20 males) were selected from daily Behzisti elderly centers of Sari city. Subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups, and a control group. Two experimental groups received Logo-therapy based on Rumi's thoughts and ACT respectively, while control group remaind in the waiting list. Data collection was conducted by well-being questionnaire of Keyes and analyzed by mixed-design analysis of variance.

Significantly higher means were observed for aspects of social health in both experimental groups than control (P< 0/001). No significant difference found for social dimensions between two experimental groups (P> 0/05), however the overall level of social health in the Logo-therapy was significantly higher than that of ACT (P< 0/05). 

 In regard to socio-cultural construction in Iran, we strongly recommend using the culture-based therapeutic approaches.

MS disease is one of the debilitating diseases of the imune system, with nature of the central nervous system,s winning analysis that affects a significant part of life.The present study aimed at the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy and mindfulness therapy in sleep quality of multiple sclerosis patients .

The method of research was semi _experimental with pre_test and post_test with control group . The statistical population included all MS patients , member of the jahrom MS association , wich was selected through targeted sampling after consideration the criteria for entering(more than one year membershio in the MS,,2. having complete satisfaction, 3.literacy, 4.phisical ability to attend meeting), ,matching and identifying their number were 45 people. This number was randomized to three group of 15 people. Pitsborgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to collect data. Reliability of the questionnaire was obtained 0.806 by Cronbach,s alpha coefficient. For data analysis by Spss22 , was used of Coovarians.

There was significant difference in sleep quality between the two methods.

The quality of sleep can be improved by cognitive behavioral group therapy.

The non-verbal learning disorder is considered as a specific syndrome in learning, even in reasoning. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of non-verbal learning disorder in primary school male students in Karaj City.

In this descriptive-analytic study, a stratified sampling method was used to select 286 male students who were studying in the 4th, 5th and 6th grades of primary schools in Karaj City. All students were individually assessed by using Children Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities Scale. Then, 8 students who got 30 points and higher in the Scale were diagnosed at-risk to non-verbal learning disorder. They were individually assessed by Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (3rd revision). Five male students (including 3 persons in 4th and 2 persons in 6th grade respectively) were diagnosed as having non-verbal learning disorder which their verbal intelligence quotient was differed 10 points and higher from their practical intelligence quotient and got 85 points and higher for the total intelligence quotient. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS (version 22).

The results showed that 1.8% of male students have nonverbal learning disorder. In fact, 2.6% and 2.4% of male students in 4th and 6th grades were diagnosed with nonverbal learning disorder respectively.

Regarding to almost high prevalence of non-verbal learning disorder in students, we can accomplish early training interventions and providing professional services to prevent ongoing behavioral and academic, and probably occupation problems in them.

The aim of this research was studing and comparing the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy and behavioral cognitive therapy on reducing gifted girl students' academic rumination and academic stress. The research was a quasi –experimental study along with selecting and assigning the subjects randomly in experimental group and control group with pre-test and post-test. Statistical universe included all gifted girl students of second grade of high school in Khorramabad city that students filled out all the questionaires of academic rumination and academic stress using census method. Then 45 students who got the highest marks compared to others were selected and placed randomly in two experimental groups (each group 15 persons) and one control group. The first experimental group were subjected to positive psychotherapy interventions for 8 sessions and the second group were also subjected to behavioral cognitive interventions for 8 sessions, but the control group didn't receive any interventions during this period of time. Data were analyzed using unilateral covariance analysis test. Results showed that performing the positive psychotherapy and behavioral cognitive interventions led to meaningful reduction of academic rumination and academic stress of the subjects of experimental groups. In academic rumination variable, the positive psychotherapy interventions had more effect on reducing academic rumination, but in academic stress variable, there wasn't any meaningful diference between these two therapies. Based on the results, the methods of positive psychotherapy and behavioral cognitive therapy can be used as efficient methods to reduce academic intellectual rumination and academic stress.